Сервис Plus, 2020, том 14, № 3

ТОМ 1 4
№3 — 2020 СЕРВИСplus

НАУЧНЫЙ ЖУРНАЛ | eISSN: 2413-693X 

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Содержание: 
ТУРИЗМ
Тинякова Е.А.  
Как этнические и социокультурные векторы туризма 
развиваются в Великобритании — сближаются  
или держатся на расстоянии .................................................................... 3 
Королева И.С., Вишневская Е.В. 
Динамика туристских услуг в контексте развития 
цифровых технологий ............................................................................. 12
Авагян А.А., Королев А.В.
Роль иностранных языков в образовании будущих 
работников индустрии туризма .............................................................. 22
Малышева Е.О.
Этнокультурный туризм в туристкой дестинации 
(на примере республики Тыва)............................................................... 31
ЭКОНОМИКА И СЕРВИС
Хохлов И.Ю.
Анализ инновационных подходов к управлению 
маркетингом на примере загородных средств размещения................ 38
Оборин М.С, Цветкова И.И, Бекетова О.Н.
Направления повышения безопасности промышленного 
производства в условиях цифровой экономики.................................... 50
Древицкая И.Ю., Древицкая И.В.
Инновационные подходы к формированию экономического 
патриотизма у молодёжи ........................................................................ 59
Иринина О.И., Суханова К.А.
Экологичная посуда и упаковка для продукции массового 
питания: реалии и перспективы ............................................................. 65
Щеголькова И.М. Щегольков Ю.Ю.
Мифология места и выбор стратегии развития 
для малых городов.................................................................................. 76
КУЛЬТУРА И ЦИВИЛИЗАЦИЯ
Балабейкина, О.А., Янковская, А.А. & Гаврилова, К.С. 
Социальная ответственность религиозных институтов: кейс 
Евангелическо-Лютеранской Церкви Швеции....................................... 85
Панова Е.П., Саенко Н.Р. 
Роль цифровых технологий в процессе обучения студентовиностранцев русскому как иностранному.............................................. 94
Кортунов В.В., Мамедов А.А., Толкачев А.Н.
Современные маркетинговые подходы построения 
коммуникаций с потребителями дизайнерских услуг ......................... 103
Косинова М.И.
Первые шаги реформирования организационно- 
экономической системы отечественной кинематографии 
в эпоху перестройки ...............................................................................110
Груздева М.В., Логинова Н.Ю., Чудайкина Г.М., Костоварова В.В.
Формирование коммуникативной компетенции студентов  
в процессе обучения иностранным языкам в неязыковом ВУЗе........119
Газилов М.Г.
Сравнительное исследование особенностей выражения образа 
героя в языках народов мира (на примере французского  
и русского языков) ................................................................................. 128

Главный редактор:
Кортунов В. В. — Российский государственный 
университет туризма и сервиса (Россия, Москва)  
д. филос. н., проф. 
Заместитель главного редактора:
Лапшин И. Е. — Российский университет дружбы 
народов (Россия, Москва), к. филос. н, доцент 

ЧЛЕНЫ РЕДАКЦИОННОГО СОВЕТА:
Алексеев М. — Индианский Университет  
(США, г. Блумингтон), проф. 
Янь Сюэтун — Университет Цинхуа (Китай, 
Пекин), профессор, директор Института 
международных отношений 
Жолдасбеков А.А. — Южно-казахстанский 
государственный университет им. М. Ауезова 
(Казахстан, Шимкент), д. пед.н, профессор 
Щеглова Л.В. — заведующая кафедрой 
Философии, Волгоградский государственный 
социально-педагогический университет  
(Россия, Волгоград), д.филос.н., профессор 
Клименко М. — Школа экономики 
Технологического института Джорджия  
(США, Атланта), профессор 
Лэнг Л. — филиал Оксфорд Брукс Университета 
(Венгрия, Будапешт), профессор 
Недкова А.С. — Университет им. профессора 
А. Златарова (Болгария, Бургас), доктор педагогики 
Олсен Ш. — Телемарк Университет Колледж 
(Норвегия, Тромсё), проф., д-р 
Саенко Н.Р. — Московский политехнический 
университет (Россия, Москва), д.филос.н., 
профессор 
Штремберг П. — Телемарк Университет Колледж 
(Норвегия, Бё), проф., д-р 
Эриксон Р. — Университет восточной Каролины 
(США, Гринвилл), профессор 

Члены редакционной коллегии:
Багдасарян В.Э. — МГУ имени М. В. Ломоносова 
(Россия, Москва), д.ист.н., профессор 
Дмитриев А.В. — Институт философии (Россия, 
Москва), д.филос.н., профессор, академик РАН 
Заернюк В.М. — Российский государственный 
университет туризма и сервиса (Россия, Москва), 
д. экон. н., профессор 
Мамедов Азер Агабала оглы — Государственный 
аграрный университет — МСХА имени 
К.А. Тимирязева (Россия, Москва), д.филос.н., 
профессор
Лагусев Ю.М. — Российский государственный 
университет туризма и сервиса (Россия, Москва), 
д. пед. н., профессор 
Радина О.И. — Донской государственный 
технический университет (Россия, Ростов-на-Дону), 
д.экон.н., профессор 
Харитонова Т.В. — Финансовая Академия при 
Правительстве РФ (Россия, Москва), к. экон. н., 
доцент 
Ответственный секретарь: 
Афанасьева А.В. — Российский государственный 
университет туризма и сервиса (Россия, Москва).
Переводчик: 
Макарова А. И. — Российский государственный 
университет туризма и сервиса (Россия, Москва), 
к.филол.н., доцент.

Свидетельство о регистрации  
ЭЛ ФС77-69428 от 14 апреля 2017 г. 
DOI: 10.24411/2413-693X

VOLUME 14
№3 — 2020
SERVICEplus

SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL | eISSN: 2413-693X

Content: 
TOURISM
Tinyakova, E. A.  
Development of ethnic and socio-cultural vectors of tourism 
in Great Britain − blending or standing separately ...................................... 3
Koroleva, I. S., Vishnevskaya, E. V.  
Dynamics of tourist services in the context of digital 
technology development............................................................................ 12
Avagyan, A. A., Koroliov, A.V. 
The role of foreign languages in education of future tourism 
industry employees.................................................................................... 22
Malysheva, E.O. 
Ethno-cultural tourism in tourist destination (On the example 
of the Republic of Tuva)............................................................................. 31
ECONOMICS & SERVICES
Khokhlov, I.Yu. 
Analysis of innovative approaches to marketing management 
on the example of countryside accommodation facilities .......................... 38
Oborin, M.S., Tsvetkova, I.I., Beketova, O.N. 
Directions for improving the safety of industrial production 
in the digital economy................................................................................ 50
Drevitskaya, I. Yu., Drevitskaya, I.V. 
Innovative approaches to the formation of young people’s 
economic patriotism................................................................................... 59
Irinina, O.I., Shukhanova, K.A. 
Eco-friendly tableware and packaging for catering goods: 
realities and prospects............................................................................... 65
Shchegolkov, Yu. Yu., Shchegolkova, I. M. 
Mythology of location and choice of development strategy 
for small cities............................................................................................ 76
CULTURE & CIVILIZATION
Balabeikina, O. A., Yankovskaya, A.A., Gavrilova, K.S. 
The social responsibility of religious institutions: case  
of the evangelical Lutheran church of Sweden.......................................... 85
Panova, E. P., Saenko, N. R.  
The role of digital technologies in the process of teaching students 
Russian as a foreign language.................................................................. 94
Kortunov, V.V., Mamedov, A.A., Tolkachev, A.N. 
Modern Marketing Approaches for Building Communications 
with Design Service Customers............................................................... 103
Kosinova, M.I. 
The first steps of reforming organizational and economic system 
of the national cinematography in the period of Perestroika ....................110
Gruzdeva, M.V., Loginova, N.Yu., Chudaikina, G.M., Kostovarova V.V. 
The formation of students’ communicative competence in the process  
of teaching foreign languages in a non-linguistic university .....................119
Gazilov, M.G. 
Comparative study of peculiarities of presenting the image of hero 
in national languages (Based on French and Russian)........................... 128

Editor-in-chief:
Vadim V. Kortunov — Russian State University of Tourism and 
Service (Russian Federation, Moscow), Dr. Sc. (Philosophy), 
Professor 
Ivan E. Lapshin — Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia 
(Russian Federation, Moscow), Cand. Sc. (Philosophy), 
Associate professor

MEMBERS OF BOARD:
Michael Alexeev — Indiana University (USA, Bloomington), 
Professor 
Yan Xuetong — Tsinghua University (China, Beijing), Professor, 
Director of Institute of international relations 
Abdimanap A. Zholdasbekov — M. O. Auezov South 
Kazakhstan State University (Kazakhstan, Shymkent), Dr. Sc. 
(Pedagogy), professor 
Lyudmila V. Shcheglova — Head of the Department of 
Philosophy, Volgograd State Socio-Pedagogical University 
(Russian Federation, Volgograd), Dr. Sc. (Philosophy), 
Professor 
Mikhail Klimenko — School of Economics, Georgia Institute of 
Technology (USA, Atlanta), Professor 
László Láng — branch of Oxford Brookes University (Hungary, 
Budapest), Professor 
Antonina S. Nedkova — University “Prof. D-r Asen Zlatarov” 
(Bulgaria, Burgas), PhD in Pedagogy 
Kjell Ole Kjærland Olsen — Telemark University College 
(Norway, Tromsø), PhD, Professor 
Natalya R. Saenko — Moscow Polytechnic University (Russian 
Federation, Moscow), Dr. Sc. (Philosophy), Professor 
Per Strömberg — Telemark University College (Norway, Bø), 
PhD, Professor 
Richard E. Ericson — East Carolina University (USA, 
Greenville), Professor 

Members of Editorial Staff:
Vardan E. Bagdasaryan — Moscow State University (Russian 
Federation, Moscow), Dr. Sc. (History), Professor 
Anatoliy V. Dmitriyev — Institute of Philosophy (Russian 
Federation, Moscow), Dr. Sc. (Philosophy), Professor, member 
of Russian Academy of Sciences 
Viktor M. Zaernyuk — Moscow Geological Prospecting 
University named after S. Ordzhonikidze (Russian Federation, 
Moscow), Dr. Sc. (Economics), Professor 
Azer A. Mamedov — Russian State Agrarian University — 
Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy (Russian Federation. 
Moscow), Dr. Sc. (Philosophy), Professor
Yury M. Lagusev — Russian state university of tourism and 
service (Russian Federation, Moscow), Dr. Sc. (Pedagogy), 
Professor 
Oksana I. Radina — Don State Technical University (Russian 
Federation, Rostov-on-Don), Dr. Sc. (Economics), Professor 
Tatiana V. Kharitonova– Financial University Under the 
Government of the Russian Federation (Russian Federation, 
Moscow), Cand. Sc. (Economy), Associate professor 
Executive secretary:
Alexandra V. Afanasyeva — Russian state university of tourism 
and service (Russian Federation, Moscow)
Translator: 
Alexandra I. Makarova — Russian state university of tourism 
and service (Russian Federation, Moscow), Cand. Sc. 
(Philology), Associate professor

SERVICE plus

SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL 
3
2020   Том 14   №3

2020 Т.14 №3 с. 3-11
Тинякова Е. А.

Как этнические и социокультурные векторы туризма развиваются 
в Великобритании − сближаются или держатся на расстоянии

ТУРИЗМ / TOURISM

УДК 316.7
DOI: 10.24411/2413-693X-2020-10301

Как этнические и социо-культурные векторы туризма 

развиваются в великобритании — сближаются 

или держатся на расстоянии

ТИНЯКОВА Елена Александровна
доцент, доктор философских наук,  Сергиево-Посадский гуманитарный колледж, Сергиев-Посад, Московская 
область, Российская Федерация etinyakova@bk.ru

Аннотация. С одной стороны статья представляет новую ветвь науки — этносоциологию, а с другой — даёт 
социо-культурный спектр видения туризма в Великобритании. Описывая формы и методы туризма, наиболее 
типичные для Соединённого Королевства Великобритании и Северной Ирландии, автор старается подчеркнуть 
национальную особенность туризма страны, зависящую от географического положения и природных условий. 
Традиционный подход к пониманию этничности на основе этнологии определённым способом ограничивает культурный анализ в широком пространстве социума. Этнология не поможет нам существенно понять, почему Германия имеет систему туризма, отличную от Великобритании, потому что этнология имеет дело с архаичными 
и более сельскими формами культуры — традициями и обычаями, утвердившимися в прошлом. Исследования туризма нуждаются в применении современных тенденций в социо-культурном развитии. Индустриализация, новые 
технологии и последние достижения в коммуникации породили новые черты в антропологическом имидже людей. 
Как культура в самом широком смысле стала называться «модерном» и «постмодерном», так и туризм как ветвь 
культуры. Это как раз этносоциология. Конечно, влияние климата, географических условий и природы уже были 
объектом научного исследования, прежде всего во французской философии и естественных науках Века Просвещения. Однако автор статьи продолжает эту исследовательскую линию. Только на «новой почве современной 
среды обитания и социума», таким образом подход рождает новую науку− "этносоциологию".

Ключевые слова: туризм, этничность, социология, культура, формы путешествий, индустрия туризма, климат, природа, география.

Для цитирования: Тинякова Е.А. Как этнические и социокультурные векторы туризма развиваются в Великобритании — сближаются или держатся на расстоянии // Сервис Plus. 2020. Т.14. №3. С. 3-11. DOI: 10.24411/2413693X-2020-10301
Статья поступила в редакцию: 01.07.2020. 
Статья принята к публикации: 01.08.2020.

SERVICE plus

SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL 
4
2020   Том 14   №3

2020, 14(3), 3-11
Tinyakova E. A. 

Development of ethnic and socio-cultural vectors of tourism  
in Great Britain — blending or standing separately

Development of ethnic and socio-cultural vectors of tourism 

in Great Britain — blending or standing separately

Elena A. Tinyakova, Ph. D of philosophical sciences, Associate Professor, Doctor of science, Honoris causa, 
etinyakova@bk. ru
Sergiev-Posad humanitarian college, Sergiev-Posad, Moscow Region, Russian Federation 

Abstract. The article presents a new branch of science — ethno-sociology − on one part, and on the other gives culture-sociologic frame of tourism in Great Britain. Describing forms and methods of tourism, most typical for the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, the author tries to emphasize the ethnic specificity of tourism features of the 
country, depending on geography and nature. Traditional approach to understand ethnicity based on ethnology somehow 
restricts culture analysis on a broad social level. Ethnology won’t help to understand why Germany has a tourism system 
different from Great Britain, because ethnology deals with archaic and countryside forms of culture−traditions and customs 
that have got confirmed in the past. Tourism research needs the latest tendencies in socio-culture development. Industrialization, new technologies and the latest development in communication have produced new traits in anthropologic image 
of men. As culture in general, ethnicity has become modern and postmodern. It is just ethno-sociology. Of course, the 
influence of climate, geographical position and nature has already been the object of research, first, in French philosophy 
and natural sciences from the Enlightenment. However, the author of this article prolongs this research line, only on new 
« social soil«, hence this approach gives birth to a new branch of science — ethno-sociology. 

Keywords: tourism, ethnicity, sociology, culture, forms of travelling, industry of tourism, climate, nature, geography.

For citation: Tinyakova, E. A. (2020). Development of ethnic and socio-cultural vectors of tourism in Great Britain − 

blending or standing separately. Service plus, 14(3), 3-11. DOI: 10.24411/2413-693X-2020-10301

Submitted: 2020/07/01.
Accepted: 2020/08/01.

Introduction. What is ethno-sociology in tourism 

like? To present the new branch of science «ethno-sociology» the author has chosen such branch of culture as tourism. Exchange of cultures is most active in tourism. And 
it is true not only for travelling abroad but even in a native 
country tourists can discover culture national depths not 
known for them before. As far as national content of society is concerned it is not even in its national saturation. 
And this unevenness is growing in contemporary active international exchange of cultures. The author understands 
«ethno-sociology» as typical forms of behavior, habits, 
traditions, customs, peculiar ties and relations with nature, 
fauna and flora, leisure pursuits, hobbies, curiosity to meet 
something new, distribution of mass, group and individual 
time spending, cycling life with dependence on climate and 
geographical situation, etc. in general all ways of organizing life and being [3;5]. As we see, the spectrum of these 
features is very broad to be included into traditional culture. 

This broadness may be compared in relation of two scientific notions — ethnic and national. When concentrated ethnic 
essence gets dissolved in socium it becomes national.

Let’s use the name of the proposed science «ethnoso
ciology» for tourism. Tourism service in a certain country 
has various national typologies and strategies, but it is just 
to remark that tourists’ places of concentrated ethnic content, full of traditional culture in historically preserved form, 
take a rather small part of tourism space, this content 
is mostly dissolved in events of modern tourism design. 
The term «historical and cultural resources of the territory», 
the usual term for planning and organizing tourism, seems 
«collecting, enumerating». That is why the author of the article proposes the term «ethno-sociology» that goes deeper 
into specific features to understand peculiarities of places 
for tourism and forms of visiting them. The term «historical and cultural resources of the territory» is static, the tern 
«ethno-sociology» is dynamic. Where is the man in the term 

SERVICE plus

SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL 
5
2020   Том 14   №3

2020 Т.14 №3 с. 3-11
Тинякова Е. А.

Как этнические и социокультурные векторы туризма развиваются 
в Великобритании − сближаются или держатся на расстоянии

«historical and cultural resources of the territory»? It points 
only to material medium, objects for visiting. As far as the 
term «ethno-sociology» is concerned, it teaches to understand how this or that object of tourism lives in society! 
«Historical and cultural resources of the territory» have 
different lives for native dwellers and for tourists. A place 
for tourism is discovered for visitors not only by a guide. 
This discovery has several layers: first a guide’s information, then how the place, visited by tourists, is connected 
with history of the foreign country and the guest’s country, 
further on it is very important what social status this sight 
has nowadays, how it is preserved; the attitude of native 
dwellers also influences on tourists’ impressions and adds 
to a guide’s information; and at last what portion of national culture contains in an object for tourists. Besides how 
does traditional, ethnically concentrated culture meet modernity? The decision of this meeting is different in various 
countries. That is «ethno-sociology». It shows how ethnic 
cultural component, coming from the depths of history, 
is getting adapted to the world with modern technologies, 
how the archaic past in traditions and customs doesn’t 
lose its charm in comparison with modern achievements. 
The forms of this cultural adaptation are various in countries. And tourism comes first «in paving ways» for the archaic traditional past to modern industrialized world. The 
way how the ethnic hereditary nature «enters modernity» 
is very important for developing tourism strategies. Ethnology is considered a prominent culture and society-forming 
factor for tourism strategies and organization by the author 
of the article. The conception of «ethno-sociology» is born 
from this interpretation.

Here the author would like to insert her opinion of de
ciding the problem of presenting Russian national culture 
in tourism. Russia is ethnically diverse, but this content 
is sometimes used in populistic way of modernizing traditions and customs, material forms of this part of culture. The 
author, partly being an ethnographer in research alongside 
with Russian history, keeps to the view that modernizing 
traditional customs and habits should observe ethnic exactness. For ethnographers it is very actual, they consider that 
it is like making a historic event false, because ethnography and ethnology are primary historic in essence. Russian 
tourism is sometimes overloaded with falsely modernized 
events for tourists. More often it happens with entertainment 
plots, newly-composed folklore-type songs, traditionally designed costumes «going beyond historically true features», 
etc. but it is more typical for tourism of low quality. Ethnically 
rich Russia doesn’t need such cases.

For further presenting her ideas the author has cho
sen tourism in Great Britain. First of all because of following 
the antique philosophical piece of advice that comparison 
always adds to gaining new useful experience. As Sally 
Balcomb, Director of the Tourism Agency «Visit Britain», 
said, tourism is a strong branch of British economy [12]. 
It gives 9% of GDP (gross national product) a year and occupies 10% of work places. For the anniversary «50 years 
of tourism in Great Britain» Sally Balcomb summarized the 
fruitful results and noticed that tourism is a global business 
and it is growing faster that digital ones [11]. In 1856 the firm 
owned by Cook organized the first group trip to Western Europe. This date is considered the start date of international 
tourism [10]. Great Britain is considered to be the motherland of contemporary tourism. 

Great Britain unites four kingdoms and each of the 

them has its own specific tourism conditions of geographical position, climate and historical past. That is why tourism 
in Great Britain is multi-styled and offers plenty of attractive 
objects for tourists. London stands at the height of world 
travelling. Russia is also amazingly rich in tourism resources, but the territory of Russia is immensely larger. In Great 
Britain the following lines give national coloring to tourism 
business: to present most prominent events of British history (that can be either unknown or on the contrary well- 
known to visitors, sometimes even an unsolved mystery); 
Scottish and Welsh ethnic components are brightly shown 
and in possible exactness to the origin; music is much applied in events for tourists, both classical and popular (various song groups); for mass entertainments the «frame» 
of a festival is often used ( there are very many various 
festivals organized in Great Britain); events for tourists are 
often combined with sport events; among tourists Great 
Britain is called «walking» and the British government plans 
to give routes that can cover the whole England and Wales 
on foot (now in 2021, but it was the plan for 2020 and because of pandemic the plan is going to be realized in 2021); 
one of the brightest features of British tourism is extravagancy — the organizers and plot-makers are constantly 
searching for something new and unusual for tourists, especially in tourism musical events — it seems that there 
is no end for their fantasies. The more detailed analysis 
of British tourism as their national type will be given further on.

Analysis of publications. References basis of the 

article, its role in the author’s contribution. The source 
base of the article is rather rich. The published books and 
internet resources refer to nowadays. The book by Zavyalo

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Development of ethnic and socio-cultural vectors of tourism  
in Great Britain — blending or standing separately

va V. «Mind the gap» [1] opens the door to get to know 
«the unknown Britain», that differs how it is presented 
in Russian advertizing literature. The image of a successful tourist should not be framed only by a great interest 
for the place he is going to include into his tour. One must 
surely be able to get quickly adapted to the new unknown 
environment in the street, cafe or hotel. And this book just 
gives a chance to become a British man for the time of his 
tour. The surrounding atmosphere of the country or place, 
a tourist is visiting, can also become part of the travelling 
charm. This preparation for a journey has not got included into most of advertisements for travelers. Here it is just 
the time to draw attention to one trait of tourism business 
in Great Britain. First a bit of data. By air tourists from 114 
countries come to Britain — it makes 73% of tourists coming; by sea 14% and through Eurotunnel 13% [12]. And this 
is not the latest data. Today surely more. In attempt to meet 
tourists with welcome comfort clerks of British tourist agencies learn foreign languages of guests very actively. It is one 
of prominent strategies in development of tourism in Great 
Britain. The mentioned book by Zavyalova V. just gives 
orientation to master the necessary style of the English 
language for travelling. One may have a good command 
of literary bookish English but in traditional situations for 
tourists fail. The author of the article would define this style 
of English as a component of her conception «ethno-sociology» because the linguistic and cultural characteristics 
of this style are formed in the depths of social manners.

The two books «Paradoxal Englishmen, 2469 facts» 

and «Watching the English» [5;6] represent the author’s 
conception of «ethno-sociology» in full. The first book 
is translated into Russian, the second one is in the original, 
in English. The author Fox Kate is a hereditary anthropologist, but her manner of narrating is not learned but very 
socially picturesque. After publishing her books caused 
a flurry of rave reviews, and many of them were sociologists. Especially the second book is full of humor and exact 
remarks supported by real facts and statistical data. K. Fox 
tells the readers about hereditary unexplainable habits 
of Englishmen, about subcultures. A reader has an opportunity to get acquainted with «the English world» with its 
culture, fads, whims, oddities, caprices and weak points.

The authors Walshe I. A., Khimunina T. N. and Konon 

N. V.[4] present studying Great Britain without «an intermediate description». Reading about the events− festivals, 
holidays and various forms of entertainment−we perceive 
not only superficial effect but also spiritual, moral, psychological and social needs of British people in such situations. 

Here we are again coming to the conception of «ethno-sociology»: how traditional ethnically concentrated culture 
finds a proper place in contemporary society. Foreign tourists are involved into such festive entertainments together 
with native British. The bright emotions of Englishmen drag 
foreigners into the whirl of impressively designed plots.

The book by Matt Rudd has the word «guide» in its 

title[8]. And it is really the one. The author tells us how 
British people live everyday life, their challenges, likes and 
dislikes, what types of men and women a tourist, who has 
come to United Kingdom, can meet either at the theatre 
or café, in a museum or during excursion, or anywhere else. 
Various types of men in a foreign country are also a capturing object for tourists! The content of the book coats its 
reader with the social atmosphere of Great Britain. Being 
a true tourist doesn’t mean to see some material objects but 
spiritual level of tourism is also very important. Understanding people of the country, one travels across, is becoming 
more and more significant in tourism. But this problem often 
lacks in preparing tourists for travelling. People themselves, 
their characters, sociality are also the object of tourism.

Scotland has always been one of the dearest parts 

in Great Britain that attracts crowds of tourists from all 
countries. And it is loved by the British themselves, the 
royal family included. Today Scotland is called the «British 
Silicon Valley», it houses the branches of large corporations 
and produces most of the industrial complex and components of the UK. As a result, the major cities of Scotland, 
primarily Edinburgh, attract production business and congressional events for discussing international problems. 
But problems of producing business is not tourism, though 
tourism itself is a business but within culture space, not industrial production and the ethnocultural wealth of this part 
of the country does not go by the wayside for tourism. Scotland’s past is too often seen through a spectrum of myths 
and misconceptions. In his book, Rab Houston explores 
the key themes from more than 1,000 years of Scotland’s 
very real and very fascinating history[7]. Covering everything from the Jacobites to devolution and to the modern 
economy, this concise account presents a fully-integrated 
picture of Scottish society, culture, politics and religion. 
Houston examines a range of important subjects, including 
how an independent Scottish nation emerged in the Middle 
Ages, how it was irrevocably altered by Reformation, how 
links with England and economic change have affected 
Scotland, and how Scotland has in turn influenced the development of the modern world. The book shows as well 
why Scotland’s history has made it distinct from England, 

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в Великобритании − сближаются или держатся на расстоянии

both before and after Union, and why it has today arrived 
at a political, social and cultural watershed. Authoritative, lucid, and ranging widely over issues of environment, people, 
and identity, this is Scotland’s story without myths: an ideal 
introduction for those interested in the Scots, but also a balanced yet refreshing challenge to those who already feel 
at home in Scotland past and present. Scotland appears 
a political, social and cultural phenomenon.

The book by Henry Morton can be called «a classic 

research on ethno-sociology» [2]. He travelled across Great 
Britain exhaustively−from London to the most remote corners of the United Kingdom. He is considered «сlassic travel 
writer». And H. Morton gives a warning in his books: if one 
wants to know a country, he shouldn’t concentrate only 
on the capital and its outskirts; the farther one is from the 
bright cities, the less spectacular becomes the landscape, 
the less of capital sparkling and fuss and hassle but the 
more frank people are, their emotions are not false. So H. 
Morton declares «man» the most interesting socio-psychological object of tourism. This idea matches the author’s 
conception of «ethnosociology».

Methods and methodology. Developing a general 

view of tourism system in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland the author has used structuring 
methodology that helped to identify ways to present tourists’ places in the country more attractive. The festival style 
to organize entertainment events is very popular in Britain. 
There are 8 big and very popular festivals, besides there 
are a lot of small ones throughout the country. All festivals 
are musical events first of all. There is a lot of music−classic and popular, choral and instrumental. British people 
love music. Glastonbury Festival has taken place from 
1970. It is the biggest and most crowded event. The program of the festival includes contemporary performing arts, 
dancing, theatre and circus performances. From its birth 
it is predominantly rock festival. Great performing figures 
come from other countries. The festival events go 6 days 
and more than 135000 peoples visit it every year from all 
parts of the world. Glastonbury Festival is situated in the 
Worthy Farm, in the county of Somersetshire in SouthWest England. Many volunteers take part in the works 
of the festival. The financial results of the festival are charity. By the way it is typical for other tourists’ events in Great 
Britain.

The other very popular festival is in Aldeburgh. It was 

founded by the great British composer Benjamin Britten 
in 1948. In its musical content this festival is closer to classic music. One feature typical for entertainment events, 

tourists’ included (prepared beforehand and spontaneous), 
is search for something new and original in performance, 
design, music compositions. This festival sets the goal 
of promoting young artists, singers, musical instrument 
players in creative development. Aldeburgh festival can 
be called famous laboratory of contemporary arts developments, not only of Great Britain, but also other countries.

Musical festivals are gaining popularity. As far as music 

is concerned, it is a strong branch of social policy in Great 
Britain in general. Orientation to music, rather viewing the 
surrounding world through music, begins already at schools 
and even earlier in kindergartens. But specific pedagogical 
methodology and following psychological response of those 
brought up, are peculiar in Great Britain. At school children 
and teenagers get acquainted with musical instruments−
keyboard instruments, bowed, woodwind and brass ones. 
They either learn to play or listen to musical performances. 
There are two-three-four instrument ensembles or chamber 
orchestras. One feature is very important to be remarked. 
Within musical space of Britain singing occupies a prominent place, both solo and to accompaniment, individual and 
choral. That is why younger generation is already getting 
ready to take part in British musical festivals all over the 
country. The author gives an important remark: to make 
tourism events successful native population should also 
be educated and prepared for that; it is somehow a test for 
quality of tourism.

A very interesting and capturing feature of British festi
vals is their names. The Festival «Green man» takes place 
in southern Wales. This festival attracts free-thinking and 
curious people. The Irish and Scottish music, songs and 
dances are very spectacular. And even in advertizing there 
is the Scottish word «ceiligh» that means «holiday». This 
minor remark in the description of the festival has a great 
meaning. Many tourists’ events have predominantly Scottish, Irish or Welsh strokes. These ethnic types are very 
bright and most studied in Great Britain, but there are also 
other specifically ethnic features, probably from England, 
the middle of the country. The festival « Good life experience» (Wales) tries to return tourists to «simple enjoyments». There are episodes of presence in wild nature, 
medieval fair’s competitions, etc. The wilderness Festival 
in Oxfordshire is true to the behest of the French philosopher J.-J. Rousseau to return to the wild nature to get 
rid of civilization-ill development. The other Welsh festival 
«Festival No.6» offers an alternative to active entertainment for the mind — «philosophical tours». It is very actual 
to pay attention to this psychological strategy of activating 

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Development of ethnic and socio-cultural vectors of tourism  
in Great Britain — blending or standing separately

the mind. Most tourists’ excursions are overloaded with information: everything is interesting, tourists try to memorize 
the information, sometimes if a guide offers a historically 
competent excursion, tourists can’t accept this information. 
Then rest turns into hard mental work. And the Welsh festival «Festival No.6» offers intellectual work without tiredness 
or monotony of difficult information. Because rest without 
thinking is no psychologically good rest. A man is an intellectual being.

British people are inclined to search for something un
usual. It has already been mentioned before. Cornbury Music Festival can serve a good illustrative example. It takes 
place in the county of Oxfordshire. It is considered «the 
most civilized festival» in the country. There is a hidden 
thought here. By its events the festival brings participants 
closer to nature, mainly through folklore. So folklore in British tourism strategies keeps the basic core. This methodology helps to see Great Britain, one whole country as «one 
in many types». The way, how folklore is used in tourism 
of Great Britain, is very precious from the point of view 
of civilization development. It keeps to the original forms — 
these are somewhat of ethnic citations into our modern, 
industrialized, changed through latest technologies world. 
This methodological approach has a good psychological 
consequence−spiritual refreshment for the human mind 
tired of «artificial world of contemporary technologies 
substituting human actions». This idea is growing even 
larger: how to make tourists’ tours give strength and energy to people instead of tiredness and discharge people 
of negative releases of blocked energy after work during 
holidays. 

Tourism in the United Kingdom collaborates with 

social service. Almost all big festivals make substantial 
contribution to charity. Smaller festivals are more connected with political, social and ecological problems. Here 
is an example of a festival having ecological orientation. 
Pembrokeshire Fish Week Festival takes place 90 miles 
to the west of Cardiff, the capital of Wales. Here is the only 
coastal national park in the country. It is very picturesque 
and unique in landscape. The festival includes more than 
forty events. And due to its geographical position all of them 
are fish-thematic: culinary shows, competitions, tasting, 
street concerts, parties of fishermen’s popular stories, etc. 
It is just the time to mention one general feature of British 
tourism−the near position and surrounding force of the sea 
is felt in everything. So British are islanders[10]. One more 
ecological festival− Chambala Festival in Northamptonshire. The festival gives the calling to preserve nature. That 

is why its work uses exclusively new type of energy and 
eating is devoid of meat and fish.

Tracking methodology of British tourism helps to rest 

from civilization. A tourist may be offered such walking 
routes where he won’t meet either a man or a car[9]. Tourism advertisements inform that it is a pleasure to travel 
across Britain on foot. There is sports training hidden here 
besides rest! Englishmen adore walking, it can be considered the national trait of character. On foot travelling is followed by cycle travelling. Everyone chooses what he likes. 
Numerous public footpaths have coated the British Isles 
as a web. There is a wide range of them — from short 
paths to promenade to distances of a hundred miles. There 
are many private territories and permission for passing 
is marked by «Public pathway» or «Permissive pathway». 
Poles of yellow and more seldom blue color mark the ways 
for tourists−Public footpaths and Walking trails. Permission 
to pass is more often for walking than cycling. Routes for 
several-day walking are called «National trails». The path 
web is very dense closer to the coast. These are the most 
oldest routes, they have a long history. A walker may meet 
a tourniquet on the way. They are usually of simple, rough 
wooden construction and their names are sympathetically 
funny, for example «kissing gates» or «stepped stile», «dog 
stile». To overcome such simple obstacles is «very English 
in nature», such walking can be read about in J. Austen’s 
novels. Pass ways for horse riders are marked as «Public Bridleway». Even short pass ways are in good form 
to walk on. Long distance paths are recognized as social 
characteristic. The most famous of them is the South-Western Coastal path, that repeats the outline of the coast. 
It is 630 miles from Pool to Stonehenge. It may take six 
weeks to cover the distance. While walking along a long 
path alone there is a problem of safety, but any dangerous 
happenings are excluded because the British territories are 
still incomparable smaller than in vast Russia. And still there 
are appearances of quite peaceful county people doing agricultural works. 

When we speak about specific methodology of tour
ism in the United Kingdom we cant’ but mention national 
type of fantasy−it is mysticism. Let’s interpret it the right 
way not to take the wrong path in understanding the English character. It is necessary to show respect to English 
literature and remember the novel «The Woman in white» 
by W. Collins who is considered the founder of detective 
literature. There are episodes with ghosts in the plot. 
Then the well-known holiday of Halloween where playing behavior is based on acting and dramatizing ghosts. 

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в Великобритании − сближаются или держатся на расстоянии

This holiday seems so charming to people of other countries that the traditions are often borrowed exactly or with 
slight changes. Now let’s return to British tourism which 
has inherited this attractive effect of ghost beliefs. Great 
Britain is the recognized leader in the quantity of mystic 
castles and palaces. There are from 2000 to 4000 small 
and big castles only in Scotland — the tourists’ advertising 
includes 3000. Guides usually tell tourists bewitching and 
captivating stories in castles to make them hear strange 
sounds born by their imaginations or due to the acoustics. 
It gives the esthetic effect of mystery. And mystery is always captivating. From the point of view of psychology 
it is good for psychic because it somehow leads a person 
from the real world. There are a lot of legends about souls 
of the dead all over Britain. Some of such legends have 
historic support and others are akin to pure fantasy. Mystic impression is not constructed only by sounds but also 
by vision images. The estate Woodchester in the county 
of Glostershire has very many mystic histories. From the 
outward the building is quite usual but inward it doesn’t suit 
living in it absolutely. The building of the house stopped 
after a sudden death of the owner. Then it had been disused up to the end of World War II, then Americans made 
it a morgue. Nowadays this place and especially the house 
attracts tourists who hear strange sounds there, for example music of the 1940-ies. In Britain there are special 
researchers who study paranormal appearances. At the 
clock tower researchers fixed a ghost of a monk. Of course 
there are such mystic legends with attached sounds and 
visions in many countries. For example in Russia in Orenburg region that is historically connected with the revolutionary peasant Pugachev there are many mystic legends 
told by guides, there is belief in Pugachev’s phantom. But 
mysticism in Great Britain is much more pluralistic than 
in other countries. And of course, a lot of tourists consider it a great success to visit the Tower Castle in London. 
The first ghosts were detected still in the XIII-th century. 
Nowadays the castle is inhabited by souls of members 
of royal families who suffered from violent death. Many 
prisoners were executed in the castle, about 200 leftsover of skeletons were excavated. Due to the gloomy and 
intriguing history of the castle various paranormal effects 
still go on amazing visitors and tourists. Speaking about 
this feature of tourism content we should warn that mystic 
stories and appearances are not used for fooling or money 
making by embarrassment. From the point of view of concrete factual thinking the situations with mystic histories 
can be called «undiscovered history». 

Discussing «the range» — what is specific and 
what is universal in tourism of various countries? This 
article has presented many specific and attractive features 
of British tourism system. Placing tourism service within the 
country’s economy it is evident that these features are effective. For Russian studies of tourism service, experience 
exchange with Britain and other countries it is necessary 
to be very accurate in differentiating−what is specific and 
what can be borrowed or transformed. The first strategy 
that can be used for tourism development in other countries 
is to emphasize nationally colored «labels» of culture. Because ethnic difference always has a strong psychological 
influence. Amorphous from the point of view of national presentation tourists’ events will work in idle mode, more over 
they can cause negative effect, even asocial consequences. The second strategy that makes British tourism business 
flourishing is respect of historical past. The third strategy 
which highly competes with the previous two ones is fragile 
and wise accentuation of geographical position ( in this article the geography of the United Kingdom and Northern Ireland is presented in «tourists’ light»), of course with 
support of safety for tourists’ routes and emphasizing the 
nature’s beauties. One more very important problem: 
tourism ser-vice is sure to be bright and economically 
effective against the background of ethno-sociology. 
Visited sights and ex-cursions cannot be torn from the 
population of the country. People in the streets, cafes, 
restaurants and hotels back-ground the tourism. 
Traditionally it is called «hospitality». Communication with 
native populations is a very important part of the tourism 
content which foreign visitors should also enjoy. The 
source background of the article together with the 
explanation of the introduced notion of ethno-sociolo-gy 
have helped the author to give a guide to understand wider 
the tourists’ enjoyment during visiting, in our article, the 
United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. 
Tourists are in search not only of new material objects and 
situations during their visits but also of communication with 
native people of the other country.

Let’s draw attention to the most difficult side of tourism service. It is the language of the country that receives 
guests! For Great Britain the English language makes 
no problem. English is the chief language of international 
communication. But here we speak about the languages 
of guests. And in British tourism service much attention 
is paid to this problem. Those who work in tourism business 
learn foreign languages of tourists that come to Great Britain. The amazing fact! Great Britain receives tourists from 
more that115 countries.

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Development of ethnic and socio-cultural vectors of tourism  
in Great Britain — blending or standing separately

Conclusion. How to make tourism to serve more 

productively for civilization development? In the conclusion let’s return to the title of the article — «How do ethnic 
and socio-cultural vectors of tourism evolve in Great Britian — do they blend together or stand separately» — that 
presents the chief goal of the research done for the article 
and wide beyond. Traditionally we mark steps of civilization development by prominent achievements of culture, 
material or ideal, these are pictures, music compositions, 
sculptors, monuments, etc. The author of the article sets 
tourism as «a sign-line step of civilization development». 
The most crowd-collecting places for tourists see millions 
of visitors. Through the perception of objects of art people 
themselves become more civilized. But how is the attitude 
to these prominent places like? How are the visits to these 
places organized? Every country has its own traditions 
of tourism organization. Tourism grasps not only places 
of culture but nature landscapes, it concerns already ecology. «How to open culture and nature to tourists» is a very 
important branch of social policy. And this problem presents 
a socium in the most wide spectrum of vision on a national 
level. This is just the conception of ethnosociology with the 
example of Great Britain, the country that belongs to the 
leaders in international tourism business.

As the author proposes to recognize tourism as an inllustrative indicator of modern civilization development, it is 
quite reasonable to apply the historic stage definitions of 
culture−"modern" and "postmodern" to tourism. Culture 
researchers point out the following features of modernism: 
romanticism, symbolism, logical and completed form, goal 
orientation, hierarchy, concept plan, conception, mastership, distance, synthesis in creativity, focus, genre, paradigm, metaphore. Postmodernism rejects elitism, formal 
experiments, tragic element in the experience of 
alienation. 

Postmodernism can be characterized by nonsense, «anti-form» — open or intermittent, a lot of playful activities, 
the organizational force of chance, anarchy, metonymy, 
mixing details, etc. Postmodernists declare that it is time 
to put aside the traditional categories of the beautiful and 
truthful, because life around us is full of one day things and 
happenings, false impressions, the world rather imitates 
than creates. Postmodernists put on the agenda «the total 
reconsideration of values, modes of thinking». The world 
order can’t be perceived as focused at something single. 
Sometimes it is difficult to differentiate the important from 
the unimportant, to point out the chief meaning of a certain 
culture situation.

The mentioned vectors of culture development can’t 
be ignored in tourism. There is a possibility to set an opposed 
argument. Tourism exists on a vast historical space that 
came to life and kept for a long time on the classical conception of culture development. But creation and perception are 
two different lines of civilization development. A piece of true 
art works many times in minds of people after its creation and 
sometimes may change to the opposite. That is why speaking 
about the application of postmodernism principles to tourism 
mainly refers to its organizational level. In this article tourism 
system in the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern 
Ireland has been shown in bright strokes. The positive 
results of British tourism methodology have confirmation in 
economic productivity. At the end the author would like to 
point to some postmodernism features of British tourism 
system. 
These 
are 
extravagancy, 
mystic 
fantasy, 
improvisation or the «power of chance», mixing with politics, 
social policy and ecology, further development of ethnic 
traits in typical to Great Britain variations and transferring 
tourists’ objects and places from the ethnic level to the 
national−the archaic is changing into modernity.

Список использованных источников:

1.
Завьялова В. Британия. Mind the gap или как стать своим. — М.: ООО «Альпина-нон-фикшн», 2014. — 190 с.

2.
Мортон Г. Англия и Уэльс. Прогулки по Британии. Перевод Мииина Т.. Омельянович Н.- Москва: Эксмо,2009. —
736 с.

3.
Остальский А. Иностранец ЕЁ Величества. — Санкт-Петербург: «Амфора», « Петроглиф», 2015.-412 с.

4.
Уолш И. А., Химунина Т. Н., Конон Н. В. Great Britain. Customs and traditions. Великобритания. Обычаи и традиции. — Санкт-Петербург: «Антология«2005. — 224 с.

5.
Фокс К. Парадоксальные англичане. 2460 фактов. — М.: «Рипол классик», 2016. — 672 с.

6.
Fox K. Watching the English. — UK. Hodder & Stoughton. — 592 p.

7.
Houston R. Scotland. A very short introduction. — UK. Oxford University Press, 2008.— 192 p.

8.
Rudd M. The English. A Field guide. — UK. Harper Collins, 2013 — 320 p.

9.
Туризм Великобритании. https://travel247.ru/country/europe/uk/141-turizm-uk (дата обращения 19.05.2020).

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2020 Т.14 №3 с. 3-11
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Как этнические и социокультурные векторы туризма развиваются 
в Великобритании − сближаются или держатся на расстоянии

10. https://www. wantseeproject. com/countries/great-britain/page/3/ Туризм в Великобритании (дата обращения

19.05.2020).

11. https://www. vedomosti. ru/business/characters/2019/09/10/810957-direktor-agentstva-razvitiyu-turizma (дата обращения 19.05.2020).

12. https://bstudy. net/693339/turizm/velikobritaniya Великобритания — география туризма (дата обращения
19.05.2020). 

References

1.
Zavyalova, V. (2014). Britain. Mind the gap ili kak stat’ svoim [Mind the gap or How to Become close]. Moscow: SRR
«Al’pina-non-fiction». (In Russ.).

2.
Morton, H. (2009). England and Wales. Progulki po Britanii [Walking across Britain]. Мoscow: Eksmo. (In Russ.).

3.
Ostal’skii, A. (2015). Inostranets Ejo Velichestva [Foreigner of her Majesty]. St. Petersburg: Amphora. Petrogliff.
(In Russ.).

4.
Walshe, I. A., Khimunina, T. N., Konon, N. V. (2005). Velikobritaniya. Obychai i Traditsii.[Great Britain. Customs and
traditions]. St. Petersburg: «Anthology». (In Russ.).

5.
Fox, K. (2016). Paradoksal’nije anglichane.[Paradoxal Englishmen]. 2460 facts. Moscow: «Ripol classic». (In Russ.).

6.
Fox, K. Watching the English. UK. Hodder & Stoughton.

7.
Houston, R. (2008). Scotland. A very short introduction. UK: Oxford University Press.

8.
Rudd, M. (2013). The English. A Field guide. UK: Harper Collins.

9.
Tourism Velikobritanii [Tourism of Great Britain]. URL: https://travel247.ru/country/europe/uk/141-turizm-uk (Accessed
on May 19, 2020). (In Russ.).

10. Tourism Velikobritanii [Tourism of Great Britain]. URL: https://www. wantseeproject. com/countries/great-britain/

page/3/ (Accessed on May 19, 2020). (In Russ.).

11. https://www. vedomosti. ru/business/characters/2019/09/10/810957-direktor-agentstva-razvitiyu-turizma (Accessed

on May 19, 2020). (In Russ.).

12. Velikobritaniya− geografia turisma.[ Great Britain−geography of tourism]. URL: https://bstudy. net/693339/turizm/

velikobritaniya (Accessed on May 19, 2020). (In Russ.).

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2020, 14(3), 12-21
Koroleva I. S. , Vishnevskaya E. V. 

Dynamics of tourist services in the context of digital technology development

ТУРИЗМ / TOURISM

УДК 379.81
DOI: 10.24411/2413-693X-2020-10302

Динамика туристских услуг в контексте развития 

цифровых технологий

КОРОЛЕВА Инна Сергеевна, кандидат географических наук, доцент
ВИШНЕВСКАЯ Екатерина Владимировна, кандидат экономических наук, доцент
Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет (Белгород, РФ)
e-mail: koroleva_i@bsu. edu. ru

Аннотация. В статье рассмотрено развитие цифровых технологий в туризме. Цифровые туристические плат
формы стали важным источником для путешественников во всем мире. Мировые продажи цифровых путешествий, 
включая авиакомпании, прокат автомобилей, отели, размещение и транспорт демонстрируют постоянный рост. Онлайн-турагентства и мобильные платежные приложения по всему миру меняют туристическую индустрию. Потребители все чаще бронируют онлайн благодаря наличию мобильных приложений и низким ценам. Российский рынок 
онлайн-услуг растет быстрыми темпами, что связано с внедрением цифровых технологий в сферу туризма. Цифровые технологии становятся также главным направлением стратегии развития культуры и туризма городов будущего, 
способствуя интеграции туриста в городскую среду и позволяя ему самостоятельно планировать путешествие. Целью исследования является изучение влияния цифровых технологий на развитие туристского рынка и формирование 
комфортной городской среды для путешественников. В статье проведен анализ данных, характеризующих развитие 
цифровых технологий в туристическом секторе, и выделены тенденции данного направления. Одним из показателей 
развития информационных технологий и их распространения является постоянно возрастающая доля онлайн-бронирования туристских слуг. Внедрение технологий способствует развитию самостоятельного туризма, который с каждым 
годом приобретает все большую популярность. Современные электронные сервисы существенно упростили подготовку к поездкам как по стране, так и в другие государства. Внедрение новых технологий отражается и на формировании комфортной городской среды, способствуя развитию городского туризма. Направления внедрения цифровых 
технологий в туристскую городскую среду включают: онлайн-сервисы с персональными рекомендациями; носимые 
гаджеты для синхронного перевода; сервисы совместного потребления; умную систему навигации в городе, адаптивную к иностранным языкам; бесплатный высокоскоростной интернет в общественных местах; использование мультимедийных технологий и различных гид-приложений в музеях. Рейтинг популярных туристических городов включает 
оценку таких параметров, как наличие мультифункциональных киосков и умных остановок на улицах, наличие продвинутых мобильных приложений для туристов, уровень внедрения инновационных технологий в аэропортах и музеях. 
В ближайшем будущем будут развиваться проекты в области цифровизации туристических и культурных пространств 
городов, в том числе: система навигации с элементами дополненной реальности, синхронный перевод с использованием нейронных сетей, доступный мобильный интернет для туристов и персонализированные онлайн-сервисы. Для 
развития туризма в РФ на региональном уровне необходимо разрабатывать туристические продукты для их реализации в новой цифровой среде, раскрывающие потенциал и возможности дестинаций.

Ключевые слова: цифровые технологии, мировые продажи, онлайн-турагентства, мобильные платежные 

приложения, онлайн-услуги.

Для цитирования: Королева И.С., Вишневская Е.В. Динамика туристских услуг в контексте развития цифро
вых технологий // Сервис Plus. 2020. Т.14. №3. С. 12-21. DOI: 10.24411/2413-693X-2020-10302

Статья поступила в редакцию: 12.07.2020. 
Статья принята к публикации: 12.08.2020.