Track and Field Athletics. Легкая атлетика

Track and Field Athletics. Легкая атлетика: Учебно-методическое пособие / Сост. Н.А. Шнайдер. – М.: Спорт, 2016. – 144 с.

ISBN 978-5-906839-12-1

Учебно-методическое пособие «Track and Field Athletics. Легкая атлетика» подготовлено составителем по курсу дисциплины «Иностранный язык» (английский).
В пособии подобран материал по спортивной тематике на примере легкой 
атлетики. Студентам предлагается ряд текстов, послетекстовых лексических 
упражнений, имеющих целью обогащение профессионального словаря и формирование устных разговорных навыков по теме.
Учебно-методическое пособие предназначено для студентов вузов и факультетов физической культуры.

УДК 811.111:796.42(024):796.077.5(075.8)
ББК 81.2Англ

Ш76

УДК 811.111:796.42(024):796.077.5(075.8)
ББК 81.2Англ
 
Ш76

© Шнайдер Н.А., текст, 2016
© Издательство «Спорт», издание, оформление, 2016
ISBN 978-5-906839-12-1

Составитель
Н.А. Шнайдер

Рецензенты:
Кандидат педагогических наук, доцент Краус Т.А.
Заслуженный тренер России, доцент Гаврилица В.С.

ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ

ВВЕДЕНИЕ .....................................................................................................5

Тема 1. WHAT IS TRACK AND FIELD ATHLETICS .............................6
TRACK EVENTS ...................................................................................7
FIELD EVENTS .....................................................................................7
COMBINED EVENTS ...........................................................................7

Тема 2. TRACK EVENTS. RUNNING ........................................................8
SPRINTS .................................................................................................8
MIDDLE-DISTANCE RUNNING EVENTS.......................................15
LONG – DISTANCE RUNNING EVENTS ........................................19
RELAYS ...............................................................................................23
STEEPLECHASE .................................................................................27
HURDLES ............................................................................................30

Тема 3. FIELD EVENTS. JUMPS ..............................................................34
LONG JUMP ........................................................................................34
TRIPLE JUMP ......................................................................................36
HIGH JUMP ..........................................................................................39
POLE VAULT .......................................................................................41

Тема 4. FIELD EVENTS. THROWS .........................................................44
SHOT PUT ............................................................................................44
DISCUS THROW .................................................................................46
JAVELIN THROW ...............................................................................48
HAMMER THROW .............................................................................50

Тема 5. COMBINED EVENTS ...................................................................54
DECATHLON .......................................................................................54
HEPTATHLON .....................................................................................56

Тема 6. OTHER ATHLETIC EVENTS  ....................................................58
CROSS COUNTRY RUNNING ...........................................................58
ROAD RUNNING ................................................................................60
MARATHON RUNNING.....................................................................61
RACE WALKING ................................................................................63

Тема 7. TRACK AND FIELD ATHLETICS. OUTDOOR .......................68

Тема 8. TRACK AND FIELD ATHLETICS. INDOOR ...........................70

Тема 9. ABOUT THE IAAF ........................................................................71

Тема 10. THE HISTORY OF TRACK AND FIELD ATHLETICS ........74

Тема 11. THE HISTORY OF TRACK AND FIELD ATHLETICS 
IN RUSSIA ....................................................................................................78

Тема 12. YURY BORZAKOVSKIY ...........................................................83
YURY BORZAKOVSKIY’s INTERVIEW ..........................................85
OLYMPIC CHAMPION PLANNING HIS DEFENSE .......................87
BORZAKOVSKIY MAPS OLYMPIC 800m DEFENSE ....................90

РАЗГОВОРНАЯ ПРАКТИКА ...................................................................96
Диалог “TRACK AND FIELD ATHLETICS” ....................................96
MY SPECIALITY .................................................................................98

ВИКТОРИНЫ .............................................................................................99

СЛОВАРЬ ...................................................................................................106

ЛЕКСИКО-ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЙ КОММЕНТАРИЙ .....................133

СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ .......................................................................141

ВВЕДЕНИЕ

В пособии подобран материал по теме «Track and Field Athletics. Легкая 
атлетика». 
Цель пособия – подготовить студентов к самостоятельному чтению и 
переводу литературы по спортивной тематике и сформировать у них навыки 
устной речи в ситуациях профессионального общения.
Учебно-методическое пособие включает в себя оригинальные и адаптированные тексты на английском языке, связанные с легкой атлетикой, ряд послетекстовых лексических и грамматических упражнений, имеющих целью 
обогащение профессионального словаря и формирование устных разговорных навыков. Каждый текст предназначен для чтения, перевода и пересказа. 
Тексты написаны в публицистическом стиле, для которого характерно 
применение международной лексики, спортивной терминологии. Для грамматики текстов характерно употребление числительных, сравнительных конструкций прилагательных, инфинитивных оборотов, препозитивных атрибутивных конструкций. В связи с этим большая часть упражнений посвящена 
практике работы над этими лексическими и грамматическими явлениями. 
Словарь помещен в конце пособия, что будет способствовать формированию навыков работы со словарными статьями и значительно сократит объем пособия. 
В текстах соблюдается повторяемость терминологической лексики. Система упражнений способствует активному усвоению лексики с последующим 
выходом в речь. Лексика закрепляется путем диалогов, викторин, интервью. 
Тексты пособия представляют интерес с познавательной точки зрения, 
что позволяет поддерживать высокий уровень мотивации при их изучении.
Следует обратить внимание на обилие терминов для обозначения понятия «легкая атлетика». Так, в Великобритании, в том числе в IAAF, принят 
термин «Athletics». В российских легкоатлетических федерациях также принят термин «Athletics». В США и практике проведения международных соревнований применяется термин «Track and Field». В учебной и справочной 
литературе России чаще встречается термин «Track and Field Athletics».
Тексты, в основном, взяты с сайтов:
http://www.rusathletics.com
http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/
http://www.iaaf.org/
funtrivia.com›quizzes/sports…track__fi eld.html

ТЕМА 1. WHAT IS TRACK AND FIELD 
ATHLETICS

TRACK AND FIELD ATHLETICS 
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Track_and_fi eld

Прочитайте и переведите текст: 

Track and fi eld athletics is a world-wide sport that has grown in popularity 
since the days of the Greeks. Records of organized competitions in track events date 
back from the fi rst Olympic Games in 776 В. C. It is a sport in which techniques 
constantly change as stronger athletes taught by better coaches break through new 
record barriers. Because of its popularity track and fi eld athletics is often called the 
“Queen of Sport”.
Track and fi eld is a sport which combines various athletic contests based on 
the skills of running, jumping, and throwing. The name is derived from the sport’s 
typical venue: a stadium with an oval running track enclosing a grass fi eld where the 
throwing and jumping events take place.
The running events, which include sprints, middle and long-distance events, 
and hurdles, are won by the athlete with the fastest time. 
The jumping and throwing events are won by the athlete who achieves the 
greatest distance or height. Regular jumping events include long jump, triple jump, 
high jump and pole vault, while the most common throwing events are shot put, 
javelin, discus and hammer. 
There are also “combined events”, such as heptathlon and decathlon, in which 
athletes compete in a number of the above events. Most track and fi eld events are 
individual sports with a single victor, but a number are relay races. Events are almost 
exclusively divided by gender, although both the men’s and women’s competitions 
are usually held at the same venue.
Track and fi eld events take place in a sports stadium, either on the running 
track, or on the fi eld inside the running track. 
At the international level, the two most prestigious international track and fi eld 
competitions are athletics competition at the Olympic Games and the IAAF World 
Championships in Athletics. The International Association of Athletics Federations 
is the international governing body.
Records are kept of the best performances in specifi c events, at world and 
national levels, right down to a personal level. However, if athletes are deemed 
to have violated the event’s rules or regulations, they are disqualifi ed from the 
competition and their marks are erased.
The majority of athletes tend to specialize in just one event (or event type) 

with the aim of perfecting their performances, although the aim of combined events 
athletes is to become profi cient in a number of disciplines. 
Track and fi eld events are divided into three broad categories: 
Track events; Field events; Combined events. 
Other athletics events that are NOT track and fi eld, include cross country 
running, road running, marathon, and race walking – these events take place outside 
a sports stadium.

TRACK EVENTS
Track events involve running on a track over a specifi ed distances and, in the 
case of the hurdles and steeplechase, obstacles may be placed on the track. There 
are also relay races in which teams of athletes run and pass on a baton to their team 
member at the end of a certain distance.

FIELD EVENTS
There are two types of fi eld events: jumps, and throws. 
In jumping competitions, athletes are judged on either the length or height of 
their jumps. The performances of jumping events for distance are measured from a 
board or marker, and any athlete overstepping this mark is judged to have fouled. In 
the jumps for height, an athlete must clear his or her body over a crossbar without 
knocking the bar off the supporting standards. The majority of jumping events are 
unaided, although athletes propel themselves vertically with purpose-built sticks in 
the pole vault. 
The throwing events involve hurling an implement (such as a heavy weight, 
javelin or discus) from a set point, with athletes being judged on the distance that 
the object is thrown. 

COMBINED EVENTS
Combined or multi-discipline events are competitions in which athletes 
participate in a number of track and fi eld events, earning points for their performance 
in each event, which adds to a total points score.
The Ancient Olympic pentathlon, comprising long jump, javelin, discus, the 
stadion race, which was literally a race from one end of the stadium to the other, and 
wrestling, was a precursor to the track and fi eld combined events and this ancient 
event was restored at the 1906 Summer Olympics. A men’s decathlon was held at 
the 1904 Summer Olympics.

Упражнение 1. Ответьте на вопросы:

1. Is track and fi eld athletics a world-wide sport? 
2. What activities did it derive from? 
3. When and where did the fi rst competitions in track and fi eld take place? 

4. Name the main track and fi eld events.
5. Name running events.
6. Name jumping events.
7. Name throwing events.
8. Name combined events.

Упражнение 2. Образуйте существительные от глаголов при помощи суффиксов –ing (процесс) и –er (исполнитель) и переведите их на русский язык:

to run
to throw
to jump
to walk
to wrestle 
to box
to skate
to ski
to swim

ТЕМА 2. TRACK EVENTS. RUNNING

Прочитайте и переведите текст:

Running is both a competition and a type of training for sports that have running 
or endurance components. As a sport, it is split into events divided by distance and 
sometimes includes permutations such as the obstacles in steeplechase and hurdles. 
Running races are contests to determine which of the competitors is able to run a 
certain distance in the shortest time. Today, competitive running events make up the 
core of the sport of athletics. Events are usually grouped into several classes, each 
requiring substantially different athletic strengths and involving different tactics, 
training methods, and types of competitors.

SPRINTS
Races over short distances, or sprints, are among the oldest running 
competitions. Sprinting events are focused around athletes reaching and sustaining 
their quickest possible running speed. Three sprinting events are currently held at 
the Olympics and outdoor World Championships: the 100 metres, 200 metres, and 
400 metres. 

At the professional level, sprinters begin the race by assuming a crouching 
position in the starting blocks before leaning forward and gradually moving into 
an upright position as the race progresses and momentum is gained. Athletes 
remain in the same lane on the running track throughout all sprinting events, with 
the sole exception of the 400m indoors. Races up to 100m are largely focused 
upon acceleration to an athlete’s maximum speed. All sprints beyond this distance 
increasingly incorporate an element of endurance. Human physiology dictates that 
a runner’s near-top speed cannot be maintained for more than thirty seconds or so 
because lactic acid builds up once leg muscles begin to suffer oxygen deprivation. 
Top speed can only be maintained for up to 20 metres. 

100 METRES
http://www.iaaf.org/

How it works
Runners race for 100m down the home straight of a 400m track. They start 
from blocks and run in lanes.
A reaction time – measured by sensors in the starting pistol and on the blocks – 
of less than 0.1 is deemed a false start and runners will be recalled, and the responsible 
athlete disqualifi ed.

History
The ‘stade’ (192m race) was part of the Ancient Olympics. In more modern 
times, the 100 yards (91.44m) was adopted as the foremost sprint – it was part of the 
Commonwealth Games until 1966 – but the classic 100m distance, the Blue Riband 
event, has been part of the Olympics since 1896.

Did you know
Sprinters will typically reach their peak speed between 50m and 60m.

Gold standard
Of the 28 Olympic fi nals to date, US men have won more than half of them 
with 17. But Jamaica has taken the four most recent Olympic golds with Usain Bolt 
and Shelly-Ann Fraser-Pryce achieving back-to-back wins in 2008 and 2012. 

Icons

Jesse Owens
The phenomenal US athlete humiliated Adolf Hitler, who intended to use the 
1936 Olympic Games in Berlin as a showcase for ‘Aryan superiority’, by winning 
gold in the 100m, 200m, long jump and 4x100m.

Gail Devers
This US sprinter bounced back from Graves’ disease, a thyroid disorder, to 
win back-to-back Olympic 100m titles in Barcelona (1992) and Atlanta (1996). She 
also landed three world 100m hurdles titles in a long and prolifi c career.

Комментарий
Commonwealth Games – Игры Содружества
Blue Riband event – главный забег соревнований, победитель которого 
награждается голубой шелковой лентой (ордена Подвязки)
Aryan superiority – арийское превосходство

Упражнение 3. Переведите предложения со словами-заместителями. 
В случае затруднений обратитесь к грамматическому справочнику в конце 
книги.

1. Most championship competitions involve six jumps per competitor, although 
usually a number of them, those with the shorter marks, are often eliminated after 
three jumps.  
2. Stride length is reduced, so to achieve competitive speeds, race walkers must 
attain cadence rates comparable to those achieved by Olympic 800-metre runners 
and they must do so for hours at a time since the Olympic events are the 20 km race 
walk (men and women) and 50 km race walk (men only). 
3. Full-size indoor arenas (i.e. those fully equipped to host all events for the 
World Indoor Championships) bear similarities with their outdoor equivalents.

Упражнение 4. Переведите предложения, содержащие степени сравнения прилагательных. В случае затруднений обратитесь к грамматическому 
справочнику в конце книги.

1. A walker can move along the distance faster than anyone else and not get 
to the fi nish line.
2. The only difference between then and now is that in 1896 Burke of the USA 
made the victory run in 12 seconds fl at whereas nowadays the winner runs at least 
two se conds faster.
3. That makes him to become the 9th fastest man in history over this 
distance.
4. The running events, which include sprints, middle and long-distance events, 
and hurdles, are won by the athlete with the fastest time. 
5. He also boasts the second-fastest relay split in history with his 42.93 from 
the 2007 World Championships.

200 METRES
http://www.iaaf.org/

How it works
Runners race for 100m around a bend and 100m down the home straight. They 
start from blocks and run in lanes.
A reaction time – measured by sensors in the starting pistol and on the blocks – 
of less than 0.1 is deemed a false start and runners will be recalled, and the responsible 
athlete disqualifi ed. A runner can also be disqualifi ed if he or she steps out of their 
designated lane.

History
A slightly shorter race than the current 200m (192m, one length of the 
stadium) was part of the Ancient Olympics. The 200m (for men) was added to the 
Olympic programme in 1900 and has been part of all subsequent Games, except 
1906.
Women have contested the distance in every Olympics since 1948.

Did you know
The second half of a 200m race is often quicker than the fi rst half, as athletes 
approach the fi nal 100m at full speed. When Usain Bolt set his 19.19 world record, 
he covered the fi nal 100m in 9.27 seconds.

Gold standard
US men have won 17 Olympic titles, one more than their tally of 100m gold 
medals. There has been at least one Jamaican medalist in each of the past nine 
women’s Olympic fi nals.

Icons

Usain Bolt
The Jamaican superstar is dominant in both the 100m and 200m, but it’s the 
latter where he fi rst made his name, winning world youth and world junior titles 
several years before his fi rst Olympic triumph and world record in 2008.

Gwen Torrence
The US sprinter won a cluster of medals during a lengthy career. She was a 
two-time world champion but enjoyed her greatest moment when she won Olympic 
gold in 1992. She would have won a world title in 1995, too, but was disqualifi ed 
for running out of her lane.

Упражнение 5. Найдите в тексте эквиваленты следующих слов и выражений: 

вплоть до; финишная прямая; по отдельным дорожкам; на сегодняшний 
день; один за другим/подряд; восстановиться; по повороту/по виражу; на одно 
(один) больше; по крайней мере; завоевать известность

Упражнение 6. Переведите предложения с парными союзами both … 
and. В случае затруднений обратитесь к грамматическому справочнику в 
конце книги.

1. Running is both a competition and a type of training for sports that have 
running or endurance components.
2. Knees are brought high on every stride with the elbows at 90° angle on both 
the foreswing and the backswing.
3. Both the passer and the receiver should have arms extended to their 
fullest.
4. This continued until the 1906 Intercalated Games in Athens, which featured 
both the ancient style and the increasingly popular modern style of turning and 
throwing.
5. Events are almost exclusively divided by gender, although both the men’s 
and women’s competitions are usually held at the same venue.
6. Cross country is both an individual and team sport.
7. Races, for both teams and individuals, are run on either grass or woodland 
courses.
8. He won fi ve consecutive double victories between 2002 and 2006 in both 
the long course and now-discontinued short course races.
9. Both men and women contest the shorter of the two international 
championship distances for race walking.
10.Russia and China are currently the dominant nations in both the men’s and 
women’s 20km events.

Упражнение 7. Переведите препозитивные атрибутивные сочетания. 
В случае затруднений обратитесь к грамматическому справочнику в конце 
книги.

one – lap runner; last-minute addition; track and cross country career; 
1991 junior women’s title; now-discontinued short course; unprecedented 
sixth senior men’s long course victory; baton-changing rules; charity races; 
fi re service; 400m lap; list of offi cial world records; world governing body; 
key member; Olympic hammer title; women’s global crown; 2009 IAAF World 
Championships; world all-time list; metal-tipped javelin; women’s ultimate allround test; overall winner