Циркуляционная система кустовых буровых установок = Сirculation system of the production drilling rigs

Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации
Сибирский федеральный университет

ЦИРКУЛЯЦИОННАЯ СИСТЕМА 
КУСТОВЫХ БУРОВЫХ УСТАНОВОК

CIRCULATING SYSTEM  
OF THE PRODUCTION DRILLING RIGS

Учебное пособие

Красноярск 
СФУ 
2022

УДК 622.242.6(07)
ББК 33.131-5я73
Ц702

Авторы:
П. М. Кондрашов, И. П. Кондрашов, П. Л. Павлова, 
Д. О. Макушкин, Е. В. Цыганкова

Р е ц е н з е н т ы: 
А. П. Черняев, кандидат технических наук, старший научный сотрудник, 
генеральный директор ООО «НИЦ "СибЭРА"»; 
А. Е. Буров, кандидат технических наук, зам. директора по науке Красноярского 
филиала ФГБНУ «Федеральный исследовательский центр информационных 
и вычислительных технологий»

Ц702 
Циркуляционная система кустовых буровых установок = 
Circulating system of the production drilling rigs : учеб. пособие / 
П. М. Кондрашов, И. П. Кондрашов, П. Л. Павлова [и др.]. – Красноярск : 
Сиб. федер. ун-т, 2022. – 102 c.
ISBN 978-5-7638-4639-3

Содержит девять тематических разделов на английском языке, в которых объясняются 
и закрепляются технические термины, формулы, применяемые при расчете 
циркуляционных систем кустовых буровых установок. Способствует формированию, 
совершенствованию и закреплению технического английского языка, развитию 
у студентов навыков и умений чтения, перевода и решения практических задач 
с извлечением информации из научно-технической литературы в области нефтегазовой 
промышленности.
Предназначено для бакалавров направления 15.03.02 «Технологические машины 
и оборудование», иностранных студентов, а также широкого круга лиц, интересующихся 
данной тематикой.

Электронный вариант издания см.: 
УДК 622.242.6(07)
http://catalog.sfu-kras.ru 
ББК 33.131-5я73

ISBN 978-5-7638-4639-3 
© Сибирский федеральный
университет, 2022

CONTENTS

Introduction ....................................................................................................4
List of abbreviations and symbols .................................................................5

1. The main functions of circulating system  .................................................7
2. Hydraulic circuit of the circulating system ............................................. 21
3. Drilling fluid preparation equipment ...................................................... 26
4. Mud pumps ............................................................................................. 45
5. Top drive drilling system  ....................................................................... 60
6. Solid removal equipment ........................................................................ 67
7. Mud degassers ......................................................................................... 83
8. Drilling fluids .......................................................................................... 88
9. Fluid regeneration ................................................................................... 97

Bibliography ............................................................................................... 99

INTRODUCTION

Учебное пособие предназначено для бакалавров направления 
15.03.02 «Технологические машины и оборудование», иностранных 
студентов, а также для широкого круга лиц, интересующихся данной 
тематикой. 
В пособии описано основное оборудование циркуляционной системы 
кустовых буровых установок. Тексты взяты и переработаны из оригинальной 
специальной литературы, адаптированы для студентов и отличаются 
высокой информационной насыщенностью.
Цель пособия – помочь студентам усвоить терминологический минимум 
по оборудованию циркуляционной системы кустовых буровых 
установок, необходимый для понимания и перевода научно-технической 
литературы, а также для работы с иностранными компаниями в нефтегазовой 
промышленности.
Пособие состоит из девяти разделов, посвященных основному 
оборудованию циркуляционной системы кустовых буровых установок. 
В раздел входят лекционный материал, вопросы для самопроверки 
и практические задачи.
This book is intended for a bachelor degree students of the programme 
15.03.02 «Technological machines and equipment» and English-speaking 
foreign students as well as for a wide range of people interested in this topic.
The book focuses on the main equipment of the production drilling rig 
circulation system. The texts are taken and revised from the original special 
literature, adapted for students and are distinguished by high information 
richness.
The goal of this course is to help students master the minimum circulation 
equipment terminology necessary for understanding and translating scientific 
and technical literature as well as for working in the oil and gas industry and 
interacting with employees, distributors and co-workers all while increasing 
use and terminology in English.
The book consists of 9 units devoted to the main equipment of the 
production drilling rig circulating system. The unit includes lecture material, 
revision questions and practical workshops.

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

Abbreviations 
and Symbols 
  Definition

CS 
–  circulating system
DMS 
–  drilling mud system
DB 
–  drill bit
DC 
–  drill cuttings
DF 
–  drilling fluid
DFMH 
–  drilling fluid mixing hopper
MP 
–  mud pump
DS 
–  drill pipe
FRM 
–  flow rate meter
SFU 
–  stage filter unit
EE 
–  electrical energy
HE 
–  hydraulic energy
HM 
–  hydraulic motor
FR 
–  flow rate
WB 
–  well bottom
WS 
–  well surface
WW 
–  well wall
AR 
–  aerodynamic resistance (aerodynamic drag)
T1 
–  tank
VSP 
–  pump of a vacuum system
Q 
–  flow rate
V1 
–  a volume of the pump right stroke
V2 
–  a volume of the pump opposite stroke
D1, D2, D3, …, Dk –  internal liner diameters, diameters of the pump piston
d 
–  a diameter
L 
–  a stroke length
n 
–  a quantity of the strokes per minutes, pump shaft 
revolutions per second
ηv 
–  a volume efficiency of a pump
fP 
–  a pump frequency oscillation
Nh 
–  a hydraulic power, output power
p1, p2, p3, …, pk 
–  pressures in the output line when the varies liners are 
used, pressure after discharge valves when the varies 
liners are used

 List of abbreviations and symbols

Q1, Q2, Q3, …, Qk –  pump flow rates when the varies liners are used
Qmax 
–  greatest pump flow rate
U1 
–  the velocity of mad in the input line when the flow rate 
is equal to Qmax
U2 
–  the velocity of mad in the output line when the flow 
rate is equal to Qmax
Fmax 
–  the greatest force actions on the pump flange
pmax 
–  the greatest pressure after the pump flange
Dfl 
–  the diameter of the pump flange
Nin 
–  input power
ηm 
–  mechanical efficiency
T 
–  rotational moment, torque moment product
ω 
–  rotational velocity
η 
–  overall efficiency
S1 
–  piston face area
S2 
–  piston rod area
ρDF 
–  density of drilling fluid
VW 
–  volume of well borehole
Fcm 
–  centrifugal force (inertial force)
Un 
–  an average mud speed in nozzles
nn 
–  the quantity of nozzles
Δt 
–  a lifetime of the force

1. THE MAIN FUNCTIONS  
OF CIRCULATING SYSTEM 

The equipment of the circulating system is designed and manufactured 
by ВНVNIINEFTEMASH – Consulting LLC, Scientific and Production As-
sociation «Drilling», «Technomehservice» (fig. 1.1), Neftegazservice LLC, 
Mi-Swaco, Derrick and by other companies.
The drilling fluid of the circulating systems is designed by scientific 
and production associations such as «Himburservice», Akros, Drilling 
material service, «SSK-Technology», «IGS-Technology» and «Halliburton 
International Inc., Branch in Russian Federation», «Schlumberger Limited, 
Branch in Russian Federation» and by other companies. 
Circulating system is also called as drilling mud system.
Drilling rig crews provide some functions by using of circulating system:


 to prepare drilling fluid also called as drilling mud;


 to prevent formation fluids from flowing into the well by sufficient 
hydrostatic pressure against the formation;


 drilling fluid storing;


 to limit corrosion of drilling equipment and casing; 


 to move drilling fluid in the drill bit direction and up to the surface;


 to transmit the hydraulic energy from mud pump to the downhole 
hydraulic motor;

Fig. 1.1. The example of equipment manufactured by «Technomehservice» scientific 
and production association

 1. The main functions of circulating system  


 to lubricate drill pipe, drill bit and other equipment;


 to cool drill bit and drill pipe (drill string);


 to take drill cuttings (pieces of rock, rock fragments) from the drill bit 
and carry them to the surface;


 to clean drilling fluid;


 to regenerate drilling fluid base liquid.
Circulating system prepares drilling fluid in the preparation equipment 
(mixer). The base of drilling fluid is water, oil and other liquids (fig. 1.2). 
Hydrostatic pressure in the well (fig. 1.3) can be used to prevent blow 
out of well. This pressure is the production of density ρDF of drilling fluid, 
gravity acceleration g and depth h:
 
p = ρgh. 
(1.1)

The density ρDF of drilling fluid can be calculated by formula:

 
ρDF = 

 
 
p = ρ · g · h. 
(1.1) 

 

 
ρDF = 
1
2
+
m
m
V
, 
(1.2) 

 

 
U1 = 
1
1
2
1
1

4
Q
Q
S
d
= π
, 
(1.3) 

 

 
U2 = 
(
)

2
2
2
2
2
3
2

4
Q
Q
S
d
d
=
π
−

, 
(1.4) 

 
 
EP = NEP = 3 · U · cos φ, 
(1.5) 

 
 
MPCB = NMP = NEP · η6b = 3  · U · J · cos φ · η6b = TDM · ωDM, 
(1.6) 

 

 
ω = d
dt
α  = 2 · π · n. 
(1.9) 

 
 
Q = c · m · (t2 – t1); 
(1.10) 

 
 
N = C · Qm · (t2 – t1), 
(1.11) 

 

 
UDCi ≥ [U] = k · 
DC
DM
DCi
DM
d
ρ
− ρ
⋅
ρ
, 
(1.12) 

 

 
ρ = 
df
sf
df
df
df
df
m

m
m
m

m
m
V
V
m
V
V
V

+
ρ
+ ρ
=
=
, 
(1.13) 

 
(1.2)

where m1 is a mass of a base liquid and m2 is a mass of other drilling fluid 
components; V is a volume of a drilling fluid.
The base of drilling fluid is water usually. Water freezes at 0 °C (32 °F). 
That is why the temperature of drilling fluid must be higher than freezing 
point of water while drilling fluid is storing. It is need to heat drilling fluid 
in the winter (fig. 1.4). The temperature of drilling fluid must be 1–8 °С to 
prevent melting permafrost or perennial frozen rock while drilling through it. 
The casing collapse can be if circulation of drilling fluid is stopping. 
Corrosion inhibitors are used to decrease the metal oxidation. This 
substance limits corrosion of drilling equipment and casing.

Fig. 1.2. Operation principle of the drilling fluid preparation

Drilling fluid base:
water, oil, ...

Drilling fluid preparation equipment 

Drilling fluid

Other drilling fluid 
components:
bentonite, barite, ...

1. The main functions of circulating system   

Fig. 1.3. The parts of well

Drilling 

fluid

Drill
pipe

p

p

h

Fig. 1.4. Steam heater (inside tank): 1 – an input of steam heater; 2 – a tank; 3 and 4 – tubes; 
5 – an output of steam heater

 1. The main functions of circulating system  

Circulating system moves drilling fluid from a surface to a well bottom 
and up to the surface (fig. 1.5).
Drilling fluid velocity U1 inside drill pipe:

 
U1 = 

 
 
p = ρ · g · h. 
(1.1) 

 

 
ρDF = 
1
2
+
m
m
V
, 
(1.2) 

 

 
U1 = 
1
1
2

1
1

4
Q
Q
S
d
= π
, 
(1.3) 

 

 
U2 = 
(
)

2
2
2
2
2
3
2

4
Q
Q
S
d
d
=
π
−

, 
(1.4) 

 
 
EP = NEP = 3 · U · cos φ, 
(1.5) 

 
 
MPCB = NMP = NEP · η6b = 3  · U · J · cos φ · η6b = TDM · ωDM, 
(1.6) 

 

 
ω = d
dt
α  = 2 · π · n. 
(1.9) 

 
 
Q = c · m · (t2 – t1); 
(1.10) 

 
 
N = C · Qm · (t2 – t1), 
(1.11) 

 

 
UDCi ≥ [U] = k · 
DC
DM
DCi
DM
d
ρ
− ρ
⋅
ρ
, 
(1.12) 

 

 
(1.3)

where Q1 is drilling fluid flow rate inside drill pipe and d is the internal 
diameter of drill pipe.
Drilling fluid velocity U2 outside the drill pipe (in an annulus):

 
U2 = 

 
 
p = ρ · g · h. 
(1.1) 

 

 
ρDF = 
1
2
+
m
m
V
, 
(1.2) 

 

 
U1 = 
1
1
2
1
1

4
Q
Q
S
d
= π
, 
(1.3) 

 

 
U2 = 
(
)

2
2
2
2

2
3
2

4
Q
Q

S
d
d

=

π
−

, 
(1.4) 

 
 
EP = NEP = 3 · U · cos φ, 
(1.5) 

 
 
MPCB = NMP = NEP · η6b = 3  · U · J · cos φ · η6b = TDM · ωDM, 
(1.6) 

 

 
ω = d
dt
α  = 2 · π · n. 
(1.9) 

 
 
Q = c · m · (t2 – t1); 
(1.10) 

 
 
N = C · Qm · (t2 – t1), 
(1.11) 

 

UDCi ≥ [U] = k ·
DC
DM
d
ρ
− ρ
⋅
(1 12)

 
(1.4)

where Q2 is drilling fluid flow rate outside drill pipe; d2 is the external diameter 
of drill pipe and d3 is internal diameter of a well.
Circulating system transmits hydraulic energy from mud pump to the 
well hydraulic motor (fig. 1.6).
The input power (energy per unit time) of the mud pump electric motor 
is the electrical power:

 
EP = NEP = 

 
 
p = ρ · g · h. 
(1.1) 

 

 
ρDF = 
1
2
+
m
m
V
, 
(1.2) 

 

 
U1 = 
1
1
2
1
1

4
Q
Q
S
d
= π
, 
(1.3) 

 

 
U2 = 
(
)

2
2
2
2
2
3
2

4
Q
Q
S
d
d
=
π
−

, 
(1.4) 

 
 
EP = NEP = 3 · U · cos φ, 
(1.5) 

 
 
MPCB = NMP = NEP · η6b = 3  · U · J · cos φ · η6b = TDM · ωDM, 
(1.6) 

 

 
ω = d
dt
α  = 2 · π · n. 
(1.9) 

 
(
)
(
)

U cos φ, 
(1.5)

where U and J are voltage and amperage of electric current accordingly; 
cos φ ≈ 0.7.

Fig. 1.5. The ways of drilling fluid inside well: U1 is a drilling fluid velocity inside drill pipe; U2 is a drilling 
fluid velocity outside drill pipe (between drill pipe and well wall); ω is the angular velocity of the drill bit

1. The main functions of circulating system   

The electric motor converts the electrical energy into the mechanical 
energy of the pump unite shaft:

MPCB = NMP = NEP η6b = 

 
 
p = ρ · g · h. 
(1.1) 

 

 
ρDF = 
1
2
+
m
m
V
, 
(1.2) 

 

 
U1 = 
1
1
2
1
1

4
Q
Q
S
d
= π
, 
(1.3) 

 

 
U2 = 
(
)

2
2
2
2
2
3
2

4
Q
Q
S
d
d
=
π
−

, 
(1.4) 

 
 
EP = NEP = 3 · U · cos φ, 
(1.5) 

 
 
MPCB = NMP = NEP · η6b = 3  · U · J · cos φ · η6b = TDM · ωDM, 
(1.6) 

 

 
ω = d
dt
α  = 2 · π · n. 
(1.9) 

 
 
Q = c · m · (t2 – t1); 
(1.10) 

 
 
N = C · Qm · (t2 – t1), 
(1.11) 

 

 
UDCi ≥ [U] = k · 
DC
DM
DCi
DM
d
ρ
− ρ
⋅
ρ
, 
(1.12) 

 

 
ρ = 
df
sf
df
df
df
df
m

m
m
m

m
m
V
V
m
V
V
V

+
ρ
+ ρ
=
=
, 
(1.13) 

 

0 8
0 2
V
V

UJ cos φ η6b = TDM ωDM,            (1.6)

where η6b is an efficiency of this process; TDF is a tongue of the pump unit 
shaft and ωDM is the angular velocity of the pump unit shaft.
The mud pump converts the mechanical energy of the pump unit shaft 
into the hydraulic energy of the drilling fluid flow.
Hydraulic power can be calculated by formulae:

 
HP = NHP = NMP ηp = pQ = TDM ωDB ηp, 
(1.7)

where ηp is the pump efficiency; p and Q are the pressure and flow rate of the 
mud flow.
Output mechanical power of the hydraulic motor (drilling motor):

MPHM = (N1 – N2) · ηHM = (p1 Q – p2 Q) · ηHM = 

 
= (p1 – p2) Q ηHM = TDB ωDB, 
(1.8)

Fig. 1.6. Transformations of energy in the circulating system