Еnglish for technosphere safety

 

 

МИНИСТЕРСТВО НАУКИ И ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ 

РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ 

Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное  

учреждение высшего образования 

«ЮЖНЫЙ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ» 

Инженерно-технологическая академия 

 
 
 

О. А. ЗАБЛОЦКАЯ 

Т. А. НЕЧАЕВА 

 

 
 

ENGLISH FOR TECHNOSPHERE SAFETY 

 
 
 

Учебное пособие 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Ростов-на-Дону – Таганрог 

Издательство Южного федерального университета 

2022 

 

 

УДК 811.11(075.8) 
ББК 81.2 Англ-92 
        З-124 

Печатается по решению кафедры иностранных языков Института 
управления в экономических, экологических и социальных системах 

Южного федерального университета (протокол № 10 от 30 мая 2022 г.) 

Рецензенты: 

кандидат педагогических наук, доцент кафедры иностранных языков  
Института управления в экономических, экологических и социальных 

системах Южного федерального университета А. С. Андриенко 

кандидат педагогических наук, доцент кафедры  

«Гуманитарные и естественнонаучные дисциплины» Политехнического  

института (филиала) ДГТУ в г. Таганроге В. С. Хорешман 

 

Заблоцкая, О. А. 

З-124    Еnglish for technosphere safety : учебное пособие / О. А. Заблоцкая, 

Т. А. Нечаева ; под общей редакцией Г. А. Краснощековой ; Южный 
федеральный университет. – Ростов-на-Дону ; Таганрог : Издательство 
Южного федерального университета, 2022. – 110 с. 

ISBN 978-5-9275-4267-3 
Учебное пособие «Еnglish for technosphere safety» предназначено для 

студентов третьего курса направления подготовки 20.03.01 «Техносферная 
безопасность». 
Цель 
учебного 
пособия 
– 
развитие 
профессиональной 

иноязычной коммуникативной компетенции студентов. Работа с предлагаемым 
учебным 
пособием 
даст 
студентам 
возможность 
совершенствовать 

профессиональную 
компоненту 
образования 
в 
области 
техносферной 

безопасности 
при 
изучении 
дисциплины 
«Иностранный 
язык 
для 

профессиональных целей». Данное учебное пособие также может быть 
использовано студентами других направлений подготовки и специальностей, 
широким кругом лиц, имеющих достаточный уровень сформированности 
лингвистической компетенции, интересующихся проблемами техносферной 
безопасности. 

УДК 811.11(075.8) 
ББК 81.2 Англ-92 

ISBN 978-5-9275-4267-3 

© Южный федеральный университет, 2022
© Заблоцкая О. А., Нечаева Т. А., 2022
© Оформление. Макет. Издательство

Южного федерального университета, 2022

 

 

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ 

 

Предисловие……………………………………………………..……….

Unit 1. BASICS OF CHEMISTRY and MICROBIOLOGY......................

Unit 2. ECOLOGY…………………...……………………………..…….

Unit 3. ENVIRONMENTAL LAW……………………………..………..

Unit 4. INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY…..………………….………….…….

Unit 5. MAN-MADE AND NATURAL DISASTERS..……………..…...

Unit 6. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING……….………….…….….

Wordlists for videos….……………………………………………………

Список литературы………………………………………………………

4

6

28

41

54

67

84

101

109

 

 
 

ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ 

Учебное пособие 
«Еnglish for technosphere safety» призвано 

обеспечить формирование и развитие профессионально ориентированной 
иноязычной коммуникативной компетенции студентов третьего курса 
бакалавриата 
направления 
подготовки 
20.03.01 
«Техносферная 

безопасность». 

Разработанное авторами учебное пособие написано с учетом рабочей 

программы дисциплины «Иностранный язык для деловой коммуникации» 
и предназначено как для индивидуальной и групповой работы в аудитории, 
так и для самостоятельной работы студентов. 

Пособие содержит шесть тематических разделов (Units): Basics of 

chemistry and microbiology, Ecology, Environmental law, Industrial ecology, 
Man-made and natural disasters, Environmental monitoring. Каждый  
раздел состоит из следующих подразделов: Lead In – вводная часть, 
знакомящая студентов с проблематикой раздела. Word Study – работа с 
определениями основных терминов раздела. Word Building – знакомство со 
средствами и способами словообразования в английском языке. Grammar 
Focus – тренировка основных грамматических явлений раздела. Specialist 
Reading A, B – чтение оригинальных текстов по теме раздела. 
Сomprehension Сheck – выполнение 
упражнений, направленных на 

контроль 
понимания 
прочитанного 
текста. 
Все 
тексты 
являются 

аутентичными, они сокращены, но не адаптированы. Language in Use – 
выполнение лексических упражнений. Подразделы Speaking и Writing 
содержат упражнения для развития навыков устной и письменной речи, 
целью которых является развитие творческого мышления студентов, 
которые получат мотивацию для дальнейшего изучения и критического 
осмысления обсуждаемых проблем. 

Авторы пособия благодарят рецензентов – кандидата педагогических 

наук, 
доцента 
кафедры 
«Гуманитарные 
и 
естественнонаучные 

дисциплины» Политехнического института (филиала) ДГТУ в г. Таганроге 
В. С. Хорешман, 
доцента 
кафедры 
иностранных 
языков 
Южного 

федерального 
университета, 
кандидата 
педагогических 
наук 

А. С. Андриенко, коллектив кафедры иностранных языков Института 
управления в экономических, экологических и социальных системах 

Предисловие 

 

Южного федерального университета в лице заведующей кафедрой 
иностранных языков Г. А. Краснощековой за ценные предложения и 
методические рекомендации. 

Авторы с благодарностью примут все замечания и пожелания и учтут 

их в дальнейшей работе. 
 

 

UNIT 1 

BASICS OF CHEMISTRY and MICROBIOLOGY 

LEAD IN 

1. Choose the correct answer. Explain your choice. 
1. One of the essential minerals in the human body is salt. How much salt 
(NaCl) is in the average adult human body? 

a. 1 kilogram 
b. 500 grams 
c. 250 grams 
d. practically none 

2. Which of these elements isn't a noble gas? 

a. Helium 
b. Argon 
c. Chlorine 
d. Krypton 

3. You can't live without water! What is its chemical formula? 

a. H2 
b. O2 
c. H2O 
d. H2O2 

4. Who is credited with the invention of the modern periodic table? 

a. Nobel 
b. Lavoisier 
c. Mendel 
d. Mendeleev 

5. Which of these elements is a nonmetal? 

a. Sulfur 
b. Manganese 
c. Aluminum 
d. Beryllium 

6. The symbol Ag stands for which element? 

a. Gallium 
b. Magnesium 
c. Gold 
d. Silver 

 Unit 1. Basics of chemistry and microbiology 

7 

7. Which of the following is NOT true of microorganisms? 

a. They produce antibiotics. 
b. They are used in production of many types of food and beverages. 
c. They decompose dead organisms. 
d. They all cause disease in humans. 

8. Microorganisms are found: 

a. In and on the bodies of warm-blooded mammals. 
b. In soil. 
c. In air. 
d. Microorganisms are found in all of the above places. 

9. Microbiology is the study of microorganisms which include all of the 
following except: 

a. Bacteria 
b. Viruses 
c. Plants 
d. Protozoa 

WORD STUDY 

2. The following words and phrases will help you to understand the text. 
Read, translate, and memorize the terms and their definitions. 
- matter [ˈmætər] – anything that has mass and occupies space. Ex.: Depending 
on temperature and other conditions, matter may appear in any of several states. 
- property [ˈprɒp.ə.ti] – a quality in a substance or material, especially one that 
means that it can be used in a particular way. Ex.: One of the properties of 
copper is that it conducts heat and electricity very well. 
- chemical element [ˌkem.ɪ.kəl ˈel.ɪ.mənt] – a substance that cannot be broken 
down into any simpler chemical substances and is made of atoms all of the same 
type. Ex.: Sodium bromide can be used as a source of the chemical element 
bromine. 
- substance [ˈsʌb.stəns] – matter which has a specific composition and specific 
properties. Ex.: Every pure element is a substance. Every pure compound is a 
substance. 
- atom [ˈæt.əm] – the smallest unit of any chemical element, consisting of a 
positive nucleus surrounded by negative electrons. Atoms can combine to form a 
molecule. Ex.: A molecule of carbon dioxide (CO2) has one carbon atom and 
two oxygen atoms. 

Еnglish for technosphere safety 

8 

- nucleus [ˈnjuː.kli.əs] (plural nuclei or nucleuses) – (chemistry) the central part 
of the atom; it contains the protons and neutrons. Ex.: In an atom, the protons 
and neutrons hang out in the center, or nucleus. – (biology) the central part of a 
cell that controls its growth. Ex.: DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell. 
 - molecule [ˈmɑl·əˌkjul] – the smallest unit into which a substance can be 
divided without chemical change, usually a group of two or more atoms. Ex.: 
Carbon dioxide is a molecule made of two oxygen atoms bonded to a carbon 
atom. 
- proton [ˈprəʊ.tɒn] – particle found in a nucleus with a positive charge. Number 
of these gives atomic number. 
- neutron [ˈnjuː.trɒn] – a particle found in the nucleus of an atom. It is almost 
identical in mass to a proton but carries no electric charge. 
- electron [iˈlek.trɒn] – the universe's fundamental unit of negative charge. It is 
believed to be truly fundamental, because it cannot be split into smaller particles, 
and it has no detectable structure. Ex.: The atoms of every chemical element 
have an equal number of negatively charged electrons and positively charged 
protons – they are therefore electrically neutral. 
- particle [pɑː.tɪ.kəl] – a small portion of matter. The word encompasses an 
enormous range of sizes: from subatomic particles, such as electrons, to particles 
large enough to be seen, such as particles of dust floating in sunlight. 
- orbital [ˈɔː.bɪ.təl] – a three-dimensional region within which there is a 95 
percent probability of finding the electron; atomic orbitals describe where an 
electron is likely to be found in an atom; molecular orbitals perform the same 
role in molecules. Ex.: The order in which atomic orbitals are filled by electrons 
and the shapes of the orbitals are crucial factors in understanding the chemical 
behavior of atoms and their reactions. 
- compound [ˈkɒm.paʊnd] – a substance formed when two or more chemical 
elements are chemically bonded together. Compounds can be decomposed 
chemically into their constituent elements. Ex.: Pure water is a compound made 
from two elements – hydrogen and oxygen. 
- bond [bɒnd] – the force holding atoms together in a molecule. Ex.: Carbon 
atoms can form bonds not only with themselves but with the atoms of oxygen 
and nitrogen. 
- reaction [riˈæk.ʃən] – an occasion when two or more substances react with and 
change each other. Reactants are substances initially present in a chemical 
reaction that are consumed during the reaction to make products. Ex.: The 

 Unit 1. Basics of chemistry and microbiology 

9 

science of chemistry began when people began experimenting with chemical 
reactions systematically and organizing their results logically. 
- neutral [ˈnjuː.trəl] – 1) a neutral chemical substance is neither an acid nor an 
alkali [ˈæl.kəl.aɪ]. Ex.: Pure water is neutral and has a pH of 7. 2) A neutral 
particle has no electrical charge. Ex.: Atoms consist of positively charged 
protons, negatively charged electrons and neutral particles called neutrons. 
- pure [pjʊər] – not mixed with anything else. 
- mixture [ˈmɪks.tʃər] – two or more substances are combined without the 
formation of chemical bonds. Ex.: Mixtures can be returned to their original 
components by physical separation methods, such as filtration, freezing, and 
distillation, while substances held together by chemical bonds can only be 
returned to their original components via chemical reactions. 
- liquid [ˈlɪk.wɪd] – liquids are one of the four common states of matter – the 
others are solids, gases, and plasmas. Ex.: Mercury is a liquid at room 
temperature. 
- dissolve [dɪˈzɑlv] – (of a solid) to be absorbed by a liquid, especially when 
mixed, or (of a liquid) to absorb a solid. Ex.: Sugar is a soluble substance, which 
means that it dissolves in water. Nitric acid will dissolve most animal tissue. 
- solubility [ˌsɒl.jəˈbɪl.ə.ti] – the quality of being able to be dissolved, or the 
degree to which something can be dissolved. Ex.: The solubility of a particular 
solid in water can be measured over a range of temperatures. 
- solution [səˈluː.ʃən] – mixture of a solid and a liquid where the solid never 
settles out, it dissolves. Ex.: copper sulphate in solution (= dissolved in water). 
- microbiology [ˌmaɪ.krəʊ.baɪˈɒl.ə.dʒi] – the study of microorganisms. 
- microorganism [ˌmaɪ.krəʊˈɔː.ɡən.ɪ.zəm] – a living thing that on its own is too 
small to be seen without a microscope. Ex.: It is estimated less than 10% of all 
the microorganisms are known at present. 
- cell [sel] – the fundamental, structural, and functional unit or subunit of living 
organisms. Cells are composed of cytoplasm [ˈsaɪ.tə.plæz.əm] containing various 
organelles and a cell membrane [ˈmem.breɪn] boundary. 
- bacteria [bækˈtɪə.ri.ə] plural of bacterium [bækˈtɪə.ri.əm] – one of the three 
domains of life (the others being Eukarya [juːˈkær.i.ə] and Archaea [ɑːˈkiː.ə]) 
unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, 
multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, 
rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. 

Еnglish for technosphere safety 

10 

- archaea [ɑːˈkiː.ə] – a type of microorganism similar to bacteria but with a 
different structure, thought to have existed for billions of years. 
- virus [ˈvaɪə.rəs] – minute infectious agents whose genomes are composed of 
DNA or RNA, but not both. They are characterized by a lack of independent 
metabolism and the inability to replicate outside living host cells. 
- fungi [ˈfʌŋ.ɡaɪ] plural of fungus [ˈfʌŋ.ɡəs] – a kingdom of eukaryotic 
[ˌjuː.kær.iˈɒt.ɪk], heterotrophic (getting its food from other plants or animals, or 
relating to such living things) organisms  that live parasitically as saprobes, 
including mushrooms, yeasts, smuts, molds, etc. Ex.: Filamentous fungi, 
commonly known as molds, refer to those that grow as multicellular colonies. 
- prion [ˈpraɪ.ɒn] – a small piece of protein that is thought to cause certain brain 
diseases. 
- protozoa plural of protozoan [ˌprəʊ.təˈzəʊ.ən] – any of various types of very 
small animals with one cell. Protozoans reproduce by splitting into two. 
- algae [ˈæl.ɡiː] plural of alga – members of a group of predominantly aquatic 
photosynthetic organisms (organisms that are capable of photosynthesis), they 
range in size from microscopic to giant species. 
- lichen [ˈlaɪ.kən] or [ˈlɪtʃ.ən] – any of a group of plants formed by a symbiotic 
combination of a fungus with an algae or cyanobacteria, and sometimes both. 
- nutrient [ˈnjuː.tri.ənt] – any substance that organisms need in order to live and 
grow. Ex.: It's good soil - full of nutrients. 
- recycling [ˌriːˈsaɪ.klɪŋ] – in nature, one organism’s waste or decomposing body 
becomes a source of food and materials for other organisms. Just as there is a 
hydrological cycle, there are many other cycles involving organic matter (carbon 
cycle, nitrogen cycle, etc.). 
- DNA 
[ˌdiː.enˈeɪ] 
– 
abbreviation 
for 
deoxyribonucleic 
acid 

[diˌɒk.siˌraɪ.bəʊ.njuːˌkleɪ.ɪk ˈæs.ɪd] – the chemical at the center of the cells of 
living things that controls the structure and purpose of each cell and carries 
genetic information during reproduction. Ex.: The information that’s in DNA 
controls the development of specific traits, such as the shape of a leaf or the 
color of hair. 
- RNA [ˌɑː.renˈeɪ] – abbreviation for ribonucleic acid [ˌraɪ.bəʊ.njuː.kliː.ɪk ˈæs.ɪd] – 
complex compound of high molecular weight that functions in cellular protein 
synthesis and replaces DNA as a carrier of genetic codes in some viruses. 

 Unit 1. Basics of chemistry and microbiology 

11 

- plasmid [ˈplæzmɪd] – a small, extrachromosomal DNA molecule within a cell 
that is physically separated from chromosomal DNA and can replicate 
independently. 
- gene [dʒiːn] – the basic physical and functional unit of heredity. Genes are 
made up of sequences of DNA. Some genes act as instructions to make 
molecules called proteins. Ex.: A particular gene is responsible for the 
inheritance of eye colour. 
- coat [kəʊt] – a distinct layer of glycocalyx observed in the outer surface of 
cells. 
- capsid [ˈkapsɪd] – the outer protein protective shell of a virus, which protects 
the viral nucleic acid. 
- parasite [ˈpær.ə.saɪt] – organisms that live on or in another organism (the host), 
and benefit at the expense of the other. Traditionally excluded from definition of 
parasites are pathogenic bacteria, fungi, viruses, and plants, though they may live 
parasitically. 

3. Match the following word combinations with their equivalents in Russian. 

1.
boiling points

2.
chemical compound

3.
covalent bond

4.
physical properties

5.
oppositely charged ions

6.
naked eye

7.
imaging techniques

8.
protective coat

9.
single celled organisms

10. misfolded prion

a.
методы визуализации

b.
физические свойства

c.
противоположно заряженные ионы

d.
невооружённый глаз

e.
одноклеточные организмы

f.
ковалентная связь

g.
нарушение структуры белка

(протеинопатия)

h.
защитная оболочка

i.
химическое соединение

j.
точка кипения

4. Match the following words with their antonyms. 

1.
brake down

2.
connect

3.
pure

4.
dilute

5.
release

6.
involve

a.
living

b.
combine

c.
separate

d.
microscopic

e.
hold

f.
uniform

Еnglish for technosphere safety 

12 

7.
diverse

8.
dead

9.
moist

10. visible

g.
exclude

h.
concentrated

i.
mixed

j.
dry

5. Match the following words with their synonyms. 

1.
fundamental

2.
bond

3.
separate

4.
nucleus

5.
resistant

6.
multiply

7.
coat

8.
moisture

9.
convert

10. research

a.
reproduce

b.
immune

c.
stick together

d.
segregate

e.
core, center

f.
humidity

g.
study

h.
basic

i.
transform

j.
covering, layer

 
6. Match the words to make collocations (A with B; C with D). 

A
B
C
D

1. periodic
2. subatomic
3. water
4. chemical
5. carbon
6. homogeneous
7. concentrated 

a. particles
b. mixture
c. table
d. reaction
e. molecule
f. solution
g. dioxide

8. multicellular
9. food
10.
genetic

11.
host

12.
fresh

13.
waste

14.
moist 

h. water
i. products
j. spoilage
k. organisms
l. habitats
m. cell
n. material

 

WORD BUILDING 

7. For each of the words below give the corresponding forms. 

verb
noun
adjective

composition

exist

discovered

complexity