Переводоведение

Московский государственный
 институт международных отношений (университет)
МИД России
Одинцовский филиал

Е. В. ГЛУШКО

ПЕРЕВОДОВЕДЕНИЕ

Учебное пособие 
для студентов вузов

Москва
2022

УДК 81.25
ББК  81.2Англ
Г55

Издание выпущено в свет при поддержке 
Программы стратегического академического лидерства 
«Приоритет – 2030»

 
Глушко Е. В.
Г55  
Переводоведение: Учеб. пособие для студентов вузов / 
Е. В. Глушко. — М.: Издательство «Аспект Пресс», 2022. — 150 с. 
 
 
ISBN 978-5-7567-1202-5 

 
Пособие представляет собой практический курс обучения на 
основе теоретического курса лекций по переводоведению, предназначенный 
для слушателей 1 курса магистратуры по направлению 
«Перевод и современные технологии в лингвистике». Основное 
внимание уделяется развитию компетенций лингвиста-переводчика 
в соответствии с требованиями ФГОС ВПО.
 
Издание может быть использовано на практических занятиях 
со студентами старших курсов бакалавриата переводческих 
факультетов по таким дисциплинам, как «Практический курс 
перевода основного иностранного языка», «Практический курс 
письменного перевода».

 
УДК 81.25
 
ББК 81.2Англ

ISBN 978-5-7567-1202-5 
© Глушко Е. В., 2022
 
© Одинцовский филиал МГИМО МИД 
России, 2022
 
© ООО Издательство «Аспект Пресс», 2022

Все учебники издательства «Аспект Пресс» 
на сайте и в интернет-магазине   https://aspectpress.ru

CONTENTS

Введение . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

U n it 1. THE SUBJECT OF TRANSLATION STUDIES    . . . . . . . 7

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
Lesson 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .9
Lesson 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

U n it 2. TRANSLATION STUDIES TIMELINE  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .22
Lesson 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .26
Lesson 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .32

U n it 3. TRANSLATION QUALITY  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Lesson 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .44
Lesson 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49

U n it 4. EQUIVALENCE AND TRANSFORMATIONS    . . . . . . . 51

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
Lesson 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .54
Lesson 8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .64

U n it 5. LEXICAL AND GRAMMATICAL 

TRANSFORMATIONS  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
Lesson 9 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Lesson 10 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .76

U n it 6. SYNTACTIC AND STYLISTIC 

TRANSFORMATIONS  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79

Lesson 11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
Lesson 12 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .82

U n it 7. TRANSLATABILITY AND UNTRANSLATABILITY  . . . . .96

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .96
Lesson 13 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .97
Lesson 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .99

U n it 8. NEW TENDENCIES IN TRANSLATION STUDIES    . . .104

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .104
Lesson 15 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Lesson 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

SAMPLE TESTS    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120

Test 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
Test 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123
Test 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127

Questions for Self-Control  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129

The Main Notions (by Topic)    . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131

Personalia   . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133

Bibliography and Other Sources  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

В в е д е н и е

Данное пособие предназначено для слушателей магистратуры, 
обучающихся по специальности 45.04.02 «Перевод и современные 
технологии в лингвистике» и рассчитано на 34 часа 
аудиторных занятий, а также на внеаудиторную самостоятельную 
работу. 
Практические задания в каждом из восьми разделов предваряются 
краткой справкой по теме. Задания носят теоретический 
и практический характер. Цель упражнений сборника — 
способствовать развитию переводческих навыков, входящих 
в профессиональные компетенции лингвиста-переводчика, 
консультанта по межкультурной коммуникации, преподавателя 
иностранного (английского) языка. Сборник предназначен 
для работы на семинарах, проводимых после курса лекций 
«Переводоведение» (на английском языке). Тематика представленного 
материала соответствует общему направлению 
специализации студентов МГИМО-Университета. В частности, 
предлагаются тексты, охватывающие следующую проблематику: 
Modern technologies; IT English; Digital diplomacy; Politics; 
Finance.
В пособии приведены вопросы для обсуждения на семинарских 
занятиях, рекомендуемые источники по каждой теме, 
примерные тесты, список основных понятий по дисциплине 
«Переводоведение», список выдающихся письменных и устных 
переводчиков, библиография.

Пособие также может быть использовано как дополнительный 
источник практических заданий для студентов-лингвистов 
старших курсов бакалавриата («Перевод, лингвострановедение 
и межкультурная коммуникация», 45.03.02) при прохождении 
ими курса письменного перевода (основной или второй иностранный 
язык).

U n i t  1.

 THE SUBJECT 
OF TRANSLATION 
STUDIES

Summary

Translation studies (TS) as a subject emerged in the second half 
of the XX century. The term ‘Translation studies’ dates back to 
J.S. Holmes’ “The Name and Nature of Translation Studies” (1972). 
Fundamental research was made in 1950s by V. Komissarov, A. Shveit-
ser, A. Fyodorov, etc.
TS deals with translation as a two-facet phenomenon: a) the process of 
transferring information; b) the result of this process (communicative 
approach). Translation is also viewed as language code switching — 
intralinguistic, interlanguage, and intersemiotic (semiotic approach), 
as well as the replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by 
its equivalent textual material in another language (TL) (semiotic ap-
proach). Translating consists of reproducing in the receptor language 
the closest natural equivalent of the source-language first in terms of 
meaning and secondly in terms of style (communicative approach). 
Translation as interlingual / bilingual communication.
Principles of translation are:

— unity of source and meaning;
— a certain social role;
— dependence on the culture;
— synthesis of art and science.

Unit 1. THE SUBJECT OF TRANSLATION STUDIES

Core notions of TS are source language, target language, source 
text (ST), target text (TT), translation invariant, unit of transla-
tion, equivalence, adequacy.
Translation as the process is classified according to the doer (human, 
CAT, MT), the form (written, oral, sight, subtitling, dubbing, etc.), 
ST perception (at sight, by ear), the time lapse (consecutive and 
simultaneous interpreting), the number of languages involved 
(one / two-way), the direction (into the mother-tongue / a foreign 
language), the methods (with note-taking, phrase-by-phrase, etc.), 
the functional style (literary, informative).
There will be subdivisions of the above mentioned types, e.g. interpret-
ing / interpretation is further differentiated into liaison i., communi-
ty i., postponed consecutive i., linear i., synchronous i., chuchotage, and 
more. Functional classification distinguishes between literary translation 
of fiction prose, drama, poetry, and informative translation of texts on 
science and technology, official documents, media articles, etc.

To be discussed at seminars

1. 
What is the object of TS?
2. Dwell on the most popular approaches to the research.
3. Which of translation definitions appeals to you most?
4. Does language translation involve intralingual or bilingual communi-
cation?
5. Translation as intercultural communication.
6. Core notions of translation studies.
7. Classifications of translation.

Recommended reading on the topic
Алексеева И. С. Введение в переводоведение. М.: Академия, 2010. 368 с.
Алимов В. В. Теория перевода: Перевод в сфере профессиональной 
коммуникации. М.: Либроком, 2016. 160 с.
Гарбовский Н. К. Теория перевода. Изд-во Моск. ун-та, 2007. 544 с.

LESSON 1

Збойкова Н. А. Теория перевода: М.: Юрайт, 2018. 123 c.
Илюшкина М. Ю. Теория перевода: основные понятия и проблемы. 
Флинта: Изд-во Урал. ун-та, 2016. 84 с.
Комиссаров В. Н. Современное переводоведение. М.: Р. Валент, 2014. 
406 с.
Швейцер А. Теория перевода. Статус, проблемы, аспекты. М.: Либро-
ком, 2012. 216 с.
Eco U. Experiences in Translation. Toronto, Buffalo, London: New World 
Press, 2001. 135 p.
http://www.trworkshop.net/

Lesson 1

Exercise 1. Read the text, then do one of the following tasks 
to your choice: a) translate the text; b) render the text; b) in-
terpret the text into any of your working languages.

What is Digital Diplomacy?

Diplomacy is the “engine room” of international relations. It is the 
established method by which states articulate their foreign policy ob-
jectives and co-ordinate their eff orts to infl uence the decisions and 
behaviour of foreign governments and peoples through dialogue, ne-
gotiations and other such measures, short of war and violence. It is, in 
other words, the centuries-long means by which states seek to secure 
particular or wider interests, including the reduction of frictions be-
tween or among themselves. It is the core instrument through which 
the goals, strategies and broad tactics of foreign policy are implement-
ed. It strives to preserve peace and aims at developing goodwill towards 
foreign states and peoples with a view to ensuring their cooperation or, 
failing that, their neutrality.

Unit 1. THE SUBJECT OF TRANSLATION STUDIES

D. Lewis defi nes digital diplomacy as the use of digital tools of com-
munication (social media) by diplomats to communicate with each 
other and with the general public.
F. Hanson defi nes it simply as the use of the internet and new Informa-
tion Communications Technologies to help carry out diplomatic ob-
jectives. He outlines eight policy goals for digital diplomacy:
1. Knowledge management: To harness departmental and whole of 
government knowledge, so that it is retained, shared and its use opti-
mized in pursuit of national interests abroad.
2. Public diplomacy: To maintain contact with audiences as they mi-
grate online and to harness new communications tools to listen to and 
target important audiences with key messages and to infl uence major 
online infl uencers.
3. Information management: To help aggregate the overwhelming fl ow 
of information and to use this to better inform policy-making and to 
help anticipate and respond to emerging social and political move-
ments.
4. Consular communications and response: To create direct, personal 
communications channels with citizens travelling overseas, with man-
ageable communications in crisis situations.
5. Disaster response: To harness the power of connective technologies 
in disaster response situations.
6. Internet freedom: Creation of technologies to keep the internet free 
and open. This has the related objectives of promoting freedom of 
speech and democracy as well as undermining authoritarian regimes.
7. External resources: Creating digital mechanisms to draw on and har-
ness external expertise to advance national goals.
8. Policy planning: To allow for eff ective oversight, coordination and 
planning of international policy across government, in response to the 
internationalisation of the bureaucracy.

https://www.cogentoa.com/article/10.1080/23311886.2017.1297175.pdf

LESSON 1

Exercise 2.  Translate the texts a) without using automated 
translation and b) with the help of a translation application. 
Compare the results and discuss them as a group.

Into Russian

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Unit 1. THE SUBJECT OF TRANSLATION STUDIES

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