Английский язык для инженеров-механиков

Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации 

НОВОСИБИРСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ 

 
 
 
 
 
Ю.С. КУДИНОВА, С.В. НИКРОШКИНА 
 
 
 
 
 
 
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК 
ДЛЯ ИНЖЕНЕРОВ-МЕХАНИКОВ 
 
 
Утверждено  
Редакционно-издательским советом университета  
в качестве учебного пособия 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
НОВОСИБИРСК 
2019 

ББК 81.432.1-7-923 
  К 887 
 
 
 
Рецензенты: 
канд. филол. наук, доцент Е.С. Замашанская, 
канд. психол. наук, доцент Ю.В. Клюева 
 
 
Работа выполнена на кафедре иностранных языков ТФ НГТУ 
 
Кудинова Ю.С.  
К 887  
Английский язык для инженеров-механиков: учебное пособие / Ю.С. Кудинова, С.В. Никрошкина. – Новосибирск: Изд-во 
НГТУ, 2019. – 94 с.  

 
 
ISBN 978-5-7782-3891-6 

Настоящее учебное пособие предназначено для студентов бакалавриата 
Механико-технологического факультета и рекомендуется к использованию на 
втором, и на некоторых специальностях, на третьем году обучения в рамках 
изучения темы «Latest Developments in my Branch of Engineering (ESP)». 
Целью пособия является формирование у студентов коммуникативной 
языковой компетенции в области своей специальности, которая реализуется в 
различных видах речевой деятельности, как устной, так и письменной. Все 
тексты и задания связаны с профессиональной подготовкой будущих специалистов и соответствуют государственному образовательному стандарту. 
Учебное пособие включает в себя шесть модулей, название каждого из 
которых соответствует названию определенной специальности факультета и 
отвечает тематике изучаемого по данному профилю материала. Каждый модуль 
состоит из двух разделов с системой лексических и грамматических упражнений с учетом словаря и грамматических структур, характерных для подъязыка специальности, а также дополнительных текстов, которые можно 
использовать для самостоятельной работы студентов и технического перевода 
по специальности. 
Пособие может быть использовано для аудиторной и внеаудиторной 
работы, в зависимости от целей, поставленных преподавателем. 

ББК 81.432.1-7-923 

ISBN 978-5-7782-3891-6 
© Кудинова Ю.С., Никрошкина С.В., 2019 
 
© Новосибирский государственный  
 
    технический университет, 2019 

CONTENTS 
 
Module I. Energy – and Resource-saving Processes in Chemical 
Engineering and Biochemical Technology ........................................... 4 
Unit 1. Environment and Ecology ........................................................................ 4 
Unit 2. Industrial Waste ..................................................................................... 12 
Supplementary Reading ...................................................................................... 18 
Module 2. Transport and Technological Machine Service ................................. 23 

Unit 1. The Profession of a Car Mechanic .......................................................... 23 
Unit 2. Car Repair and Maintenance .................................................................. 29 
Supplementary Reading ...................................................................................... 35 
Module 3. Chemical Engineering ......................................................................... 43 
Unit1. What is Chemical Engineering ................................................................ 43 
Unit 2. Technological Process in Chemical Industry: Tools  
and Equipment ......................................................................................... 52 
Supplementary Reading ...................................................................................... 59 
Module 4. Mechatronics and Robotics ................................................................. 65 
Unit1 Mechatronics ............................................................................................ 65 
Unit 2. Robots and Their Types ......................................................................... 70 

Module 5. Technological Machines and Equipment ........................................... 75 

Unit 1. Computers and Computing ..................................................................... 75 
Unit 2 Lathes ...................................................................................................... 78 

Module 6: Material Craft Processing Technology .............................................. 84 

Unit 1 Woodworking .......................................................................................... 84 
Unit 2. Colorimetry ............................................................................................ 89 
References ................................................................................................................ 93 

MODULE 1 

ENERGY – AND RESOURCE-SAVING  
PROCESSES IN CHEMICAL ENGINEERING  
AND BIOCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY 
 
 

UNIT 1. Environment and Ecology 

1.1 Vocabulary 

acid rain, n – кислотный дождь 
act, n – акт, действие 
affect, n – воздействие 
best available techniques (BAT); самые лучшие доступные технологии  
biodiversity, n – биоразнообразие 
complex, a – сложный 
concern, 
n, v – проблема, 
вопрос, 
затруднение; 
касаться, 
иметь дело с, вызывать беспокойство, тревогу 
conservation, n – сохранение, охрана природы 
consequences, n – обстоятельства 
consumption, n – потребление 
contaminate, v – загрязнять  
decade, n – декада, десяток лет 
degradation, n – ухудшение, понижение 
develop, v – развивать, разрабытывать  
discharge, n – сброс 
discharge of effluents, n – отведение сточных вод; 
effect, n – влияние, воздействие, результат 
effluent, n – сток, выброс, вытекающий поток 
effluent-free pulp mill, n – целлюлозно-бумажный завод без выбросов  
environment, n – окружающая среда 
environmental, adj – связанный с окружающей средой 
fresh water, n – пресная вода 

goal, n – цель 
global warming, n – глобальное потепление 
greenhouse effect, n – парниковый эффект  
impact, n – воздействие, влияние, толчок 
implementation, n – внедрение, воплощение в жизнь, реализация 
issue, n – вопрос, проблема, выход 
legislation, n – законодательство 
limit, n – предел, норма, ограничение 
meet the demands, v – удовлетворять требованиям 
preserve, v – сохранять, оберегать, хранить  
protect, protection, v, n – защищать, защита  
reduce, v – сокращать 
regulations, n – нормативно-правовые акты, установленные правила 
save; сохранять, накапливать 
technological standard, n – технологический стандарт  
usage, n – использование 
zero wastewater discharge, n – полное прекращение сброса сточных вод, бессточные технологии 

1.2. Read and translate the following international words. Pay 
attention to the stress and the part of speech when translating them: 

Baltic (Sea), Commission, conception, conference, coral reefs, chemical, 
ecosystem, emission, European, genetic, global, harmony, industry, 
international, metallurgical, modify, practical, tone, total control, tropical, 
zero. 

1.3. Work in pairs. Discuss the following questions:  

 What does ecology study? 
 What is the environment? 
 Why will people’s activity have an effect back on them? 
 Whose aim is to protect natural things? 

1.4. Compare your answers with the information given below: 

When we study ecology we study the environment and the way plants, 

animals and humans live together and affect each other. We can say that 
the environment includes the air, water and land in which people, animals 

and plants live, but we can also say that it is everything around us. In our 
everyday life we live in various environments, e.g. in the countryside, in the 
streets, at home, in the cinema, on a beach, at a swimming pool etc. These 
different environments may not seem to be connected, but in fact they are.   

Ecology is the study of living things in their natural surroundings, or 

environment. This is everything, living and non-living, that is around them. 
Its basic features stay very much the same, e.g. the air that you breathe, but 
the details are constantly changing. 

Ecology investigates how plants and animals, including people, live 

with and affect each other and their environment. A good starting point is 
yourself. Notice how you affect your own environment. Anything you do to 
your environment will have an effect back on you, as well as on every other 
living thing sharing the environment with you. The connections between all 
living things stretch into a vast web. 

If we compare ecology and environment we understand that these words 

are sometimes used in the same way although they have different meanings. 
What’s the difference? Ecology is the natural relationship; environment 
refers to the places or situations. But ‘ecological’ and ‘environmental’ are 
sometimes used with the same nouns, e.g. an ecological disaster = an 
environmental disaster. Eco-friendly and environmentally friendly are also 
used as synonyms for products and methods which do not damage the 
environment. 

People who are concerned about the environment are called eco
warriors (environmental activists). They are often referred to as ‘greens’, 
e.g. “Greenpeace” and “Friends of the Earth”. 

1.5. Translate the following word combinations: 

1. contaminate (air, environment, food , ground, ground water) 
2. (pollution, earthquake, land use, emission) intensity  
3. (three, several, many, a few) decades 
4. (ash, gaseous, hydrocarbon, industrial, power plant, smoke) emission  
5. air, animal, biological plant, forest, fish and wildlife) protection 
6. (effluent, wastewater, industrial, pollutants, radioactive waste, zero 
wastewater) discharge 
7. complex (apparatus, situation, process) 
8. (energy, heat, oxygen, water) consumption 
9. (ecological, environmental, dramatic) consequences 

10. (environmental, to feel great, to cause, to express great public 
concern over the environment) concern 
11. (environmental, forest, land, water, water quality, antipollution, 
nature protective) legislation 
12. current (problems, regulations, marine environment requirements, 
consequences, legislation) 

1.6. Name the verbs from which the following nouns were formed 
from and translate all the words: 

User – ; warning – ; degradation – ; conservation – ; production – ; 
contamination – ; consumption – ; emission – ; implementation – ; 
regulations – ; development – ; difference – ; prediction – ; pollution – . 

1.7. Read the text: 

Environment and Ecology 

Environmental issues are at the forefront of the public debate as the 
human impact on the natural environment continues to grow. Almost 
every public figure is expected to have opinion in such matters as 
global 
warming 
through 
the 
greenhouse 
effect, 
acid 
rain, 
the 
environmental impacts, genetically modified crops, the long-term 
consequences of the loss of biodiversity and the degradation of 
ecosystems such as coral reefs and tropical forests. Current environmental 
problems are complex and multifaceted. The need to predict the 
effects of humanity on the natural world, together with public concern 
over the environment, have made environment and conservation one of the 
most important areas of science. 
Pulp and paper industry is one of the heaviest users of air and water 
resources among all industries. In its water intensity it is the fourth after 
the metallurgical and chemical industries and water power engineering. 
The production of one tonne of pulp requires 250–300 m³ of fresh water. In 
total discharges of contaminated wastewater by industrial enterprises the 
share of pulp and paper industry exceeds 20 %. 
That is why many mills throughout the world are striving to find 
technologies that could dramatically reduce their fresh water usage. Large 
consumption of water by the paper industry began to change in the  
1960s and 1970s with the implementation of various environmental 

regulations which are reflected in such important documents as the Clean 
Water Act (U.S.), the Clean Air Act (Great Britain, Canada, U.S.), 
the Recommendations of the Helsinki Commission on the protection 
of the marine environment of the Baltic Sea area, the Canadian 
Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) and many other acts which 
among other things promulgated limits on emissions and discharges 
that reflected what was technologically feasible and practical at the time. 
Another way to save water is zero wastewater discharge. An effluentfree pulp mill was and sometimes is still the dream of the environmentalists 
and of many engineers and scientists. Research towards this goal has been 
ongoing for over four decades. During the last few years, the effluent-free 
pulp mill has been a hot subject of technical conferences and industry 
trade and research journals. Effluents from the pulp and paper industry 
have received a great deal of public attention. Today there are many mills 
in the world that have no effluent flows. 
In the Russian Federation the nature protective legislation still differs 
from that of most foreign countries with the highly developed pulp and 
paper industry. The development of the industry and the competitiveness 
of the product made negative effects. In 2002 the Federal Law concerning 
the environment protection came into effect which for the first time in 
the country introduced the conception of “Best Available Techniques” – 
BAT corresponding to that used in all the countries, and the conception of 
technological standard”. 
It is absolutely necessary that the production technology and the product 
be brought into accord 
with 
the 
international 
standards. 
Full 
compliance of the Federal nature protective legislation with the 
international standards and first of all with those of European Community is 
of primary importance. 
Meeting environmental demands presents some tough challenges 
for pulp-and-papermakers. They are constantly looking for better ways 
to make the most of their valuable forest and water resources while 
preserving the world in which we live. They are much more active than 
ever developing new technologies to work in harmony with the 
environment. 
 
at the forefront – на первом плане 
multifaceted – многосторонний, многогранный  
come into effect – вступить в силу, в действие 

bring into accord (with) – приводить в соответствие (с) 
compliance – соответствие 
make the most (of) – использовать наилучшим образом, максимально  
the Clean Water Act (U.S.) – Закон о чистой воде 
Canadian Environmental Protection Act (CEPA) – Закон Канады 
об охране окружающей среды 
European Community – Европейское сообщество  
challenge – сложная задача 

1.8. Find the English equivalents in the text above: 

Парниковый эффект, кислотный дождь, гидроэнергетика, биологическое многообразие, коралловые рифы, пресная вода, Закон о 
чистой воде, Закон о чистом воздухе, морская среда, наилучшая 
разработанная технология, удовлетворять требования, глобальное 
потепление, сточные воды, законодательство, бессточный технологический процесс, целлюлозно-бумажная промышленность, охрана (окружающей среды), область науки, действие (влияние, результат), предсказывать (прогнозировать), настоящий (текущий, 
современный), загрязнять, спасать (беречь, экономить). 

1.9. Complete the following sentences: 

1. Environmental issues are………………… 
2. Current environmental problems are…….. 
3. One of the heaviest users of air and water resources among all 
industries is… 
4. The production of one ton of pulp requires………. 
5. Large consumption of water by the paper industry began to  
change in…….. 
6. Another way to save water is………. 
7. The effluent-free pulp mill has been………… 
8. In the Russian Federation the nature protective legislation still differs 
from… 
9. The production technology and the product should be brought……… 
10.  Meeting environmental demands are constantly looking for…… 

1.10. Translate the words having the same root paying attention 
to suffixes, prefixes and other determiners: 

intensity – intensive – intensively – intensify  
science –scientific – scientist 
production – product – productivity – to produce – productive – 
nonproductive  
pollution – will pollute – gaseous pollutant – nonpolluting 
best available technique – availability (of water) – unavailable 
contaminate – contamination – contaminated atmosphere – industrial 
contaminant – uncontaminated 
a complex device – complexity 
to use – user – when using this instrument – by using this instrument – 
the use of this instrument – the instrument used by them – useful – useless – 
usage 
environment – environmental – environmentalist 

1.11. Pay special attention to the following “false friends”. Mind 
that you can choose the right meaning of the word only while 
reading the text and trying to understand it. Use the dictionary. 

Human, a; public, a; public figure, matter, n; effect, n; degradation, n; 
complex, a; concern, n,v; production, n; technology, n; dramatic(al)ly; 
regulations, n; act, n; protection, n; decade, n. 

1.12. Match the words with the similar meaning. 

A
B

effect 
decrease

issue 
ten years

impact, n 
purpose

current, a 
conserve

reduce 
problem

goal 
much 

decade 
pollute

a great deal of
technology

receive 
influence

preserve, v
present, a

contaminate
consequence

technique 
get 

1.13. Revise different meanings of the word that (those) and 
translate. 

А) 1. technologies that could reduce fresh water usage; 
2. limits on emissions and discharges that reflected what was 
technologically feasible and practical at the time 
3. There are many mills that have no effluent flows. 
4. Our legislation still differs from that of most countries; the 
conception of BAT corresponding to that used in all the countries. 
5. It is necessary that the production technology and the product be 
brought into accord with the international standards and with those of 
European Community is very important. 
В) The flux (поток) in scheme (схема) B is lower than that in scheme 
A. Toxicity of TMP effluents is comparable to that of groundwood 
(древесная масса) effluents. 

1.14. Translate the following word combinations with “free (of)”. 
Pay attention to different ways of translation. 

Model: This compound is free of impurities.  
1. Это вещество не содержит примесей. 
2. В этом веществе отсутствуют примеси.  
3. Это вещество свободно от примесей. 
4. acid free – не содержащий кислоты. 
a) free of sulphur/nitrogen/suspended solids/chlorine admixtures  
b) a trouble-free operation, a chlorine-free process, elemental, chlorinefree bleaching (отбелка) pollution-free environment 
c) oxygen-free, alkaline-free, moist-free, sulfur-free, effluent-free mill, 
wood-free papers 
d) 1. Biocides (биоциды) should be free of organic solvents and heavy 
metals and contain no dioxins or furans. 
2. The fact that recycling operations are odor free allows mills 
to be located in metropolitan areas that are close to both the raw material 
supply and the consumer. 
3. The fibers were immersed (погружать) in the cell-free extract, 
prepared as described above. 
4. This gas is free of hydrogen chloride and other acidic gases. 
5. An effluent-free pulp mill is the dream of environmentalists and 
many engineers and scientists.