English for transport engineers = Английский язык для студентов авто-транспортных специальностей

Министерство науки и высшего образования Российской Федерации
Сибирский федеральный университет

Т. В. Ступина, Г. В. Гришина

ENGLISH FOR TRANSPORT ENGINEERS

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ  
АВТОТРАНСПОРТНЫХ СПЕЦИАЛЬНОСТЕЙ

Допущено Учебно-методическим советом Сибирского федерального 
университета в качестве учебника для студентов, обучающихся по направлениям подготовки «Наземные транспортно-технологические комплексы», 
«Эксплуатация транспортно-технологических машин и комплексов», «Наземные транспортно-технологические средства»

Красноярск 
СФУ 
2019

УДК 811.111:621.0(07)
ББК 81.432.1я73+34.4я73
С884

Р е ц е н з е н т ы:
В. В. Кольга, доктор педагогических наук, профессор кафедры летательных 
аппаратов Сибирского государственного университета науки и технологий имени академика М. Ф. Решетнева, член-корреспондент РАЕ;
М. В. Савельева, кандидат философских наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой иностранного языка Сибирского государственного университета науки 
и технологий имени академика М. Ф. Решетнева

Ступина, Т. В.
С884 
 
English for transport engineers = Английский язык для студентов автотранспортных специальностей : учебник / Т. В. Ступина, Г. В. Гришина. – Красноярск : Сиб. федер. ун-т, 2019. – 192 с.
ISBN 978-5-7638-4262-3

Представлены четыре модуля, состоящие из 16 юнитов, построенных по единому принципу; материалы для домашнего чтения и сопутствующей проектной работы 
(Reading Bank); грамматический справочник (Grammar Bank); лексический справочник 
(Vocabulary Bank), а также диаграммы, схемы, рисунки и таблицы. 
Предназначен для студентов бакалавриата и специалитета, обучающихся по направлениям подготовки «Наземные транспортно-технологические комплексы», «Эксплуата-
ция транспортно-технологических машин и комплексов», «Наземные транспортно-технологические средства».

Электронный вариант издания см.: 
УДК 811.111:621.0(07)
http://catalog.sfu-kras.ru 
ББК 81.432.1я73+34.4я73

ISBN 978-5-7638-4262-3 
© Сибирский федеральный 
университет, 2019

ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ

Предисловие ................................................................................................................4

Module I. Heavy equipment  .......................................................................................6
Unit 1. Trucks.................................................................................................................6
Unit 2. Loaders .............................................................................................................14
Unit 3. Graders and bulldozers  ...................................................................................22
Unit 4. Excavators  .......................................................................................................31

Module II. Heavy equipment exploitation ...............................................................39
Unit 5. Internal combustion engine ..............................................................................39
Unit 6. Heavy equipment gearboxes ............................................................................47
Unit 7. Heavy equipment braking systems ..................................................................56
Unit 8. Heavy equipment attachment ...........................................................................63

Module III. Hydraulic and pneumatic systems .......................................................71
Unit 9. Fundamental principles  ...................................................................................71
Unit 10. Hydraulic and pneumatic pumps ...................................................................79
Unit 11. Actuators ........................................................................................................87
Unit 12. Actuators in use ..............................................................................................95

Module IV. Safety at work .......................................................................................102
Unit 13. Labour protection .........................................................................................102
Unit 14. Heavy equipment safety ...............................................................................110
Unit 15. Heavy equipment safety signs and signals ..................................................117
Unit 16. Protective clothing .......................................................................................124

Reading bank ............................................................................................................131

Grammar bank .........................................................................................................154

Vocabulary bank ......................................................................................................167

Заключение ..............................................................................................................181

Сокращения и условные обозначения ...............................................................182

Предметный указатель  ........................................................................................184

Библиографический список .................................................................................191

ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ

Учебник «English for transport engineers = Английский язык для студентов автотранспортных специальностей» является основным учебным материалом, предназначенным для аудиторной и самостоятельной работы студентов 
вузов направлений: 23.03.02 Наземные транспортно-технологические комплексы, 23.03.03 Эксплуатация транспортно-технологических машин и комплексов, 
23.05.01 Наземные транспортно-технологические средства.
Учебник разработан в соответствии с Федеральным государственным образовательным стандартом высшего образования и учебной программой дисциплины «Иностранный язык». 
Основная цель настоящего учебника – обеспечить коммуникативную и профессиональную направленность обучения английскому языку студентов технических специальностей, расширить знания в области базовой лексики и автотранспортной терминологии, грамматики, сформировать навыки чтения и перевода 
профильной литературы, умения устного и письменного аргументированного изложения собственной точки зрения.  
Настоящее издание состоит из четырех тематических разделов (modules): 
Heavy Equipment, Heavy Equipment Exploitation, Hydraulic and Pneumatic Systems, 
Safety at Work, предусматривающих комплексное овладение всем видам коммуникативной деятельности – говорение, чтение, перевод, письмо. Каждый раздел 
включает четыре урока (units).
Система заданий каждого урока определяется следующей структурой: 
вводные упражнения/разминка (Warm-up); лексический минимум по тематике 
юнита с эквивалентным русским переводом; основной текст (А); упражнения на 
понимание и закрепление прочитанного материала; грамматический блок; дополнительный текст (B); послетекстовое упражнение; диалоги, один из которых 
составляется на основе предложенных опорных фраз; описание схемы/таблицы/
рисунка и др.
Учебник включает материалы для домашнего чтения и подготовки проектных выступлений-презентаций. Список примерных тем презентаций и ключевых оборотов/клише прилагается в блоке Reading Bank.  
Грамматический материал представлен в виде схемы или таблицы с примерами и последующими упражнениями. Более подробное описание тем размещено в грамматическом справочнике (Grammar Bank). 
Лексический справочник (Vocabulary Bank) учебника состоит из англорусского словаря автомобильных терминов (Transport Word List), формирующих 
обязательный лексический минимум, материала для письменных работ, т. е. опи

Предисловие

сания схемы/таблицы/рисунка (Writing Phrases); таблицы неправильных глаголов 
(Irregular Verbs). 
Приведен список английских сокращений и условных обозначений, предметный указатель терминов и библиографический список использованных авторами материалов. 
Учебник основан на современных оригинальных текстах, представляющих практический и познавательный интерес для студентов автотранспортных 
специальностей. 

MODULE I. HEAVY EQUIPMENT 

UNIT 1. TRUCKS

Warm-up

1. Read the sentences (A–D). How do you understand "a truck" there? Discuss in 
pairs.
A. There was little currency available so that payment in kind, barter and truck 
were widespread.
B. There are fruit trees and a little truck garden. 
C. The absence of the late night trucks and lorries will be a blessing for many.
D. In some European countries, if coal is transported in open railway trucks the 
top is sprayed with a solution of lime.

Find the verb “to be” in each sentense (A–D). More than one form is possible.  
Is it Present/Past/Future; singular/plural? 

2. Study this list of trucks (a–j). Find Russian equivalents of the trucks and identify 
their type: mini, light, medium, heavy, very heavy: 
a) sports utility vehicle 
f) refrigerator truck
b) box truck 
g) "pup" truck
c) dump truck 
h) haul truck
d) "kei" truck 
i) panel van 
e) ballast tractor 
j) platform truck

Reading

3. Read and learn the words.

Unit 1. Trucks

articulated truck 
шарнирно-сочленённый грузовой автомобиль, автомобиль 
с прицепом
concrete 
бетон
delivery 
доставка
flatbed truck 
грузовик с безбортовой платформой
front tire 
передняя шина, шина переднего колеса
to rescue 
вывозить
rigid truck 
грузовой автомобиль без прицепа, одиночный грузовой 
автомобиль
roadside 
обочина дороги
service truck 
автомобиль технической помощи, подъёмник
side 
борт
to stall 
заглохнуть, застрять
strap 
ремень
to tilt 
наклонять
trailer 
прицеп
undercarriage 
ходовая часть
to unload 
разгружать
vehicle 
автомобиль, транспортное средство
winch 
лебедка 

Text A

4. Read the text “Flatbed Trucks” and list the differences between the types of 
flatbed trucks.  

Flatbed Trucks
Flatbed trucks are vehicles in which the trailer portion of the truck is a flat body 
or bed with no sides or roof to the trailer. Trucks of this type are considered ideal for 
transporting goods that need to be unloaded quickly from the sides as well as the rear. 
In most cases, the goods will be durable items that do not require protection of the 
elements during the transport from the point of origin to the point of delivery.
There are two classes of flatbed trucks in common use today. One class is known 
as a rigid flatbed truck. This model is a simple flat body or bed that is mounted on axles 
and is completely stationary. The sturdy bed is ideal for transporting items such as heavy 
construction machinery and equipment, as well as building materials like concrete blocks.
Articulated flatbed trucks also have the flat bed that is mounted on the series 
of axles, but these types of trucks are also equipped with mechanisms that make it 
possible to retract and tilt the bed when and as needed. Generally, an articulated truck 
is a good option when transporting heavy goods that are best unloaded by easing them 
off the bed of the trailer.

Module I. Heavy equipment 

One example of an articulated truck is that of service trucks that are used to 
rescue stalled vehicles from the roadside. Flatbed trucks of this type are maneuvered 
into position, tilting the bed so the edge rests directly under the front tires of the stalled 
vehicle. Chains are attached to the undercarriage of the stalled car, and winches are 
used to guide the vehicle up the tilted bed. Once the vehicle is in position, the bed is 
returned to a flat position, the car is secured with more chains and support straps, and 
can be safely transported to a repair center.

5. Read the sentences. Are they true or false?
1. There is no roof in a trailer of a flatbed truck. 
2. Flatbed trucks are unloaded from the sides only.  
3. During transporting it is not always necessary to protect the goods in flatbed 
trucks.  
4. Flatbed trucks are divided into three specific types.
5. In a rigid flatbed truck the bed can be tilted.
6. Heavy loads are better to carry in articulated flatbed trucks.
7. Service trucks help to transport broken vehicles.
8. Winches secure cars.

6. Give the English equivalents of the following phrases from the text.

Перевозка грузов; прицеп для грузовика; точка отправления; быстро разгружать; широко используемый; не требовать защиту; неподвижная платформа; строительная техника 
и оборудование; тяжелый груз; бетонные блоки; идеально подходить для; горизонтальное 
положение; можно безопасно транспортировать; автомобиль закрепляется; центр по техобслуживанию и ремонту.

7. Complete the sentences with the phrases from ex. 6. 
1. The wheels are engineered to carry ___ .
2. ___ weigh about 40 to 45 pounds (18.14 kg to 20.41 kg).
3. The new ___ features 4 truck lifts and qualified diesel mechanics. 
4. ___ was badly damaged in the incident. 
5. Oxygen tanks ___ laying down. 
6. When ___ internationally, proper documentation and correct packaging are 
critical to the export process. 
7. Steel ___ car makers. 
8. Sanko, Doosan-Daewoo, Hanwoo, MST, SHACMAN are the most reliable 
producers of ___ .
9. Haul trucks are ___ in mining. 
10. One of the main characteristics of the cargo flow is ___ .

Unit 1. Trucks

Grammar
THE VERB “TO BE”

p. 154 Grammar Bank. Read more information about the verb “to be”.

8. Fill in the gaps with the suitable form of the verb “to be”. Translate the sentences 
into Russian. 
1. I ___ a transport engineer.
2. Durability of attachment chain ___ the primary focus in the meeting last week. 
3. Large forces ___ (not) recommended here. 
4. ___ it ___ deliveries by unmanned vehicles in 2 years? 
5. These ballast tractors ___ new. 
6. What ___ a live axle?
7. The service centre said the front tires ___ both in need of replacement.
8. It ___ (not) a sturdy bed.
9. Electric trucks ___ on European roads next year.
10. ___ that heavy equipment from Japan?

TYPES OF QUESTIONS

p. 154 Grammar Bank. Read more information about types of questions.
1 

THE VERB “TO BE” 
 

 
 
p. 202 Grammar Bank. Read more information about the verb “to be”. 
 
 
 
TYPES OF QUESTIONS 
 

 
 
p. 203 Grammar Bank. Read more information about types of questions.  
 

Choice Question  

Is it a box or a platform truck? 

General or 
Yes/No-Question 

Do you use support straps? 

QUESTIONS 

Disjunctive or  
Tag/Tail Question  

Trucks vary in size, don’t they? 

Special or 
Wh-Question 

Where is the delivery point? 

TO BE 

Present 

am 
is 
are 

Past 
was 
were 

Future 
will be 

1 

THE VERB “TO BE” 
 

 
 
p. 202 Grammar Bank. Read more information about the verb “to be”. 
 
 
 
TYPES OF QUESTIONS 
 

 
 
p. 203 Grammar Bank. Read more information about types of questions.  
 

Choice Question  

Is it a box or a platform truck? 

General or 
Yes/No-Question 

Do you use support straps? 

QUESTIONS 

Disjunctive or  
Tag/Tail Question  

Trucks vary in size, don’t they? 

Special or 
Wh-Question 

Where is the delivery point? 

TO BE 

Present 

am 
is 
are 

Past 
was 
were 

Future 
will be 

1 

THE VERB “TO BE” 
 

 
 
p. 202 Grammar Bank. Read more information about the verb “to be”. 
 
 
 
TYPES OF QUESTIONS 
 

 
 
p. 203 Grammar Bank. Read more information about types of questions.  
 

Choice Question  

Is it a box or a platform truck? 

General or 
Yes/No-Question 

Do you use support straps? 

QUESTIONS 

Disjunctive or  
Tag/Tail Question  

Trucks vary in size, don’t they? 

Special or 
Wh-Question 

Where is the delivery point? 

TO BE 

Present 

am 
is 
are 

Past 
was 
were 

Future 
will be 

1 

THE VERB “TO BE” 
 

 
 
p. 202 Grammar Bank. Read more information about the verb “to be”. 
 
 
 
TYPES OF QUESTIONS 
 

 
 
p. 203 Grammar Bank. Read more information about types of questions.  
 

Choice Question  

Is it a box or a platform truck? 

General or 
Yes/No-Question 

Do you use support straps? 

QUESTIONS 

Disjunctive or  
Tag/Tail Question  

Trucks vary in size, don’t they? 

Special or 
Wh-Question 

Where is the delivery point? 

TO BE 

Present 

am 
is 
are 

Past 
was 
were 

Future 
will be 

Module I. Heavy equipment 

9. Put the correct words (is (2), isn’t, are, wasn’t, do, does, did, have, will) to form 
questions and answer What types of questions are they?
1. What ___ you know about Russian truck market?
2. ___ she reading “Heavy equipment” now? 
3. It's a good repair center, ___ it?
4. ___ the car stall last night? 
5. What ___ the capacity of a dump truck? 
6. ___ he transport sand or gravel? 
7. The road was completely blocked by an overturned truck, ___ it?
8. ___ the flat beds usually made out of durable materials?
9. When ___ they load a trailer?  
10. You have not seen Komatsu trucks, ___ you? 

Text B

10. Read the text “What are Dump Trucks?” and complete the gaps (1–4) with the 
sentences (A–D). 
A. Once the trucks reach their destination, the back gate is released and a 
hydraulic lift raises the front of the bed.
B. The bulk of this work is performed with specialized vehicles called dump trucks.
C. The pup is filled to capacity and taken to the construction site by a different 
towing system.
D. This can be a useful feature whenever small amounts of material are needed 
over a large area, such as on a roadway under construction.

What are Dump Trucks?
On most construction sites, materials such as gravel, sand and fill dirt must be 
brought in, while waste materials such as old bricks and excavated dirt must be carried 
out. 1) ___ . Dump trucks can be as small as a standard passenger truck or as large as 
an 18-wheeler. They are distinguished by a sturdy rear-mounted truck bed with an open 
gate on one end and a hydraulic lift on the other.
Dump trucks are commonly used to transport loose materials which could not be 
supported on an open-bed truck. The quarry or other supplier may use front end loaders 
or an overhead hopper to fill the trucks to capacity, then some form of protective cover 
may be used to keep debris from falling out during transport. 2) ___ . The material is 
usually left in piles near the construction area.
Some dump trucks use a different type of bed to deposit materials in rows. The 
rear assembly looks like a metal hopper with several funnels leading to the ground. 
Instead of lifting the attached hopper, these trucks drive down rows as the material 
pours out of the bottom. 3) ___ . 

Unit 1. Trucks

Dump trucks may have a rigid assembly, with the bed and cabin forming one 
vehicle, or they may be articulated, so that the bed may be removed from the main 
cab. Some dump trucks also tow a smaller trailer, commonly called a pup, for the 
purpose of offloading the material in stages. 4) ___ . Once the contents have been 
emptied, the pup returns for a refill. This keeps the trucks from having to travel too 
far into a construction zone.

11. Find the following words in the text:
1) to draw or pull along behind ________
2) a place where someone is going or where something is being sent or taken 
________ 
3) operated by water pressure or by pressure from another liquid ________ 
4) the total amount or number of things that something can hold ________ 
5) able to keep someone or something safe from damage ________ 
6) a place where stone, sand, etc. is dug out of the ground for use as building 
material ________ 
7) rough, broken bits and pieces of stone, wood, glass, etc., as after destruction 
________ 
8) a container for a loose bulk material such as grain, rock, or rubbish, typically 
one that tapers downward and is able to discharge its contents at the bottom ________ 
9) to take something away or off from the position occupied ________ 
10) firmly fixed or set ________

Speaking

12. Read the dialogue between a student and an examiner. Put the questions (A–D) 
into the proper places (1–4) in the conversation.
A. Are long trucks not only longer than other trucks, but also heavier?
B. What are the requirements for the drivers of long trucks?
C. Does the deployment of long trucks cause additional wear on roads and 
bridges?
D. What is special about long trucks?

 – Well, Ann! What is your exam card number?
 – It is 4.
 – That is “Long trucks in freight traffic”. Firstly, tell me 1) ___ ? 
 – The maximum length of long trucks is 25.25 meters. By comparison, until 
now the maximum length of semi-trailer combinations has been 16.50 meters, and 
18.75 meters for truck-trailer combinations. Long trucks do not have a higher total 
permissible weight than conventional trucks. Today’s road freight traffic generally