English Grammar in use


О.А. Иванова




                ENGLISH GRAMMAR IN USE




Учебно-методическое пособие
3-е издание, стереотипное






Москва Издательство «ФЛИНТА» 2021

УДК 811.111(075.8)
ББК 81.2Англ-923

И21

Научный редактор

Лапенков Д.С., кандидат филологических наук, заведующий кафедрой иностранного языка, теории и методики обучения иностранному языку Орского гуманитарнотехнологического института (филиала) ОГУ
Рецензенты:
Боброва Н.В., кандидат филологических наук, доцент кафедры гуманитарных и социально-экономических наук Новотроицкого филиала ФГАОУ ВПО «Национальный исследовательский технологический университет “МИСиС”»;

Шванева Е.В., учитель высшей квалификационной категории МОАУ «СОШ № 1 им. А. С. Макаренко г. Орска»

     Иванова О.А.
И21 English Grammar in use [Электронный ресурс] : учеб.-метод. пособие / О.А. Иванова. — 2-е изд., стер. — М. : ФЛИНТА, 2021. — 142 с.

         ISBN 978-5-9765-2712-6


         Данное пособие является базовым теоретическим и практическим курсом грамматики современного английского языка. Данное пособие представляет собой сборник упражнений по темам, изучаемым в курсе грамматики на первом году обучения. Оно содержит упражнения по основным разделам грамматики: имя существительное, артикль, местоимение, глагол (видовременные формы, страдательный залог, косвенная речь и согласование времен, модальные глаголы), имя прилагательное, наречие и другие.
         Для слушателей факультета повышения квалификации и переподготовки дипломированных специалистов, обучающихся по дополнительной образовательной программе «Английский язык, теория и методика обучения английскому языку».

УДК 811.111(075.8)
ББК 81.2Англ-923



ISBN 978-5-9765-2712-6

                 © Иванова О.А., 2016
                 © Издательство «ФЛИНТА», 2016

CONTENTS


Foreword ......................................................... 5

1.1. The Noun......................................................6
1.2. Of - phrases..................................................8
1.3. The use of Articles...........................................9
1.4. The Article with Material Nouns ............................ 12
1.5. The Article with Proper Nouns ...............................13
1.6. Imperative sentences ....................................... 18
1.7. The verb to be ..............................................19
1.8. The Construction there is/there are .........................21
1.9. Interrogative sentences .....................................26
1.10. Questions to the subject and its attribute..................31
1.11. Pronouns ...................................................32
1.12. Indefinite pronouns some, any, no ......................... 36
1.13. Indefinite pronouns and adverbs derived from some, any, no, every .................................................. 38
1.14. Prepositions................................................41
1.15. Participle I................................................44
1.16. The Present Continuous Tense ...............................44
1.17. The Present Indefinite Tense ...............................46
1.18. The construction to be going+infinitive ....................51
1.19. The place of the adverbs of manner and degree...............56
1.20. The Pronouns many, much, few, a few, little, a little, a lot of ...57
1.21. The Verb to be in the Past Indefinite Tense ................59
1.22. The Past Indefinite Tense ..................................63
1.23. To have (have got) .........................................69
1.24. The Present Perfect Tense ..................................74
1.25. Modal verbs can and to be able to ..........................83
1.26. Modal verb must ............................................88
1.27. Object Clauses .............................................91
2.1. Future Indefinite Tense......................................94
2.2. Attributive Clauses ....................................... 102
2.3. Time Clauses............................................... 104
2.4. The Verbs to speak, to talk, to tell, to say ...............105
2.5. The Sequence of Tenses. Reported Speech.................... 107
I. Affirmative Sentences ....................................... 107
II. General Questions .......................................... 111

III. Special Questions ....................................... 113
IV.  Orders and Requests ..................................... 115
2.6. The Passive Voice ....................................... 117
2.7. Past Continuous, Future Continuous Tenses ............... 119
2.8. Subordinate clauses of Consequence....................... 125
2.9. The Degrees of Comparison of Adjectives.................. 125
2.10. The Degrees of Comparison of Adverbs ................... 131
2.11. Comparative constructions as.as, not so.as, more (less). than..............................................135
2.12. Concession Clauses...................................... 137
2.13. Substitute Words ....................................... 137
2.14. Impersonal Sentences.................................... 138
Bibliography.................................................. 140

FOREWORD


     Учебно-методическое пособие «English Grammar in use» является базовым теоретическим и практическим курсом грамматики современного английского языка для слушателей факультета повышения квалификации и переподготовки дипломированных специалистов, обучающихся по дополнительной образовательной программе «Английский язык, теория и методика обучения английскому языку».
     Данное пособие представляет собой сборник упражнений по темам, изучаемым в курсе грамматики на первом году обучения. Оно содержит упражнения по основным разделам грамматики: имя существительное, артикль, местоимение, глагол (видовременные формы, страдательный залог, косвенная речь и согласование времен, модальные глаголы), имя прилагательное, наречие и другие. Каждый раздел состоит из короткой теоретической части, представленной в виде таблиц и примеров, и грамматических упражнений разного рода. При введении нового грамматического материала сначала предлагаются упражнения аналитического характера, затем даются тренировочные упражнения и коммуникативные упражнения, нацеленные на ситуативное употребление грамматических структур.
     Учебно-методическое пособие составлено в соответствии с рабочей программой по обучению английскому языку и практическому курсу английского языка для слушателей факультета повышения квалификации и переподготовки дипломированных специалистов. Пособие может использоваться как самостоятельно, так и в качестве дополнения к учебнику английского языка Н. А. Бонк, Г. А. Котий, Н. А. Лукьяновой. В задачу автора входило создать пособие, направленное на практическое освоение английской грамматики.

1.1. The Noun




1. Read and remember the forming of the nouns.

a) -er, -or -teacher, writer   -ism   heroism          
-ist        scientist, artist  -ant   assistant        
-ess        actress, hostess   -ence  conference       
-ment       movement           -ty    cruelty, activity
-ance       importance         -ure   culture          
-(t)ion     translation        -ing   building         
-ity        majority           -dom   freedom          
-y          difficulty         -ssion discussion       
-ian        Russian, politican -sion  revision         
-hood       childhood          -ness  happiness        
-ship       friendship, lead-  -ure   pleasure         
            ership                                     
-age        marriage, passage  -ness  backwardness     
b) re-      reconstruction     in-    information      
co-         coauthor           im-    impossibility    
dis-        distribution       un-    unemployment     
mis-        misunderstanding   il-    illiteracy       

            2. Read the following nouns and say how they are formed.


     Direction, construction, concentration, collection, socialism, capitalism, popularity, musician, technician, neighbourhood, brotherhood, emptiness, cleverness, appointment, development, disarmament, understanding, meaning, distance, complexity, coexistence, actor, interpreter, journalist, liberty.



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      3.       Form the nouns from the given words using the suffixes, translate them into Russian.

-er, or to organize, to read, to sail, to work, to exploit, to direct,
        to form                                                       
-tion   to dictate, to decorate, to educate, to connect, to compete,  
        to graduate                                                   
-ment   to improve, to agree, to govern, to develop                   
-ship   friend, member, leader, dictator, fellow                      
-ing    to build, to dance, to draw, to dress, to say, to read        
-ist    art, science, biology, to type, material                      
-ness   dark, weak, happy, mad, cold, bright                          

            4.      Form the new nouns with the help of the prefixes: co, re, mis, un, dis, im, il.


      Operation, existence, formation, understanding, fortune, employment, honesty, agreement, morality, literacy.

      Read the nouns and translate them into Russian.

boyfriend armchair      ear-phone    
salesgirl beefsteak     postman      
passer-by basket-ball   dining-room  
ear-ring  raincoat      mother-in-law
weekend   housewife     postman      
newspaper classroom     birthday     
homework  tape-recorder sideboard    
aircraft  bedroom       chairman     

            5. Read the sentences and form the nouns according to the model.


     Model: My father works at a plant. He is a worker.
     1. My brother drives very well. He is a ..
     2. Mary plays the piano well. She is a ...
     3. My mother teaches English. She is a .


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      4. My friend studies history. He will be a ...
      5. He plays chess very well. He is a good ...
      6. Beethoven composed many great pieces of music. He is a great ...



            7. Write these nouns in plural.


       Carpet, glass, photo, box, lady, wife, valley, thief, man, woman, child, foot, tooth, life, handkerchief, tomato, scarf, sheep, deer, information, fish, coat, advice.


            8. Translate the following word combinations into Russian.


       A spring day, a month’s holiday, students’ life, the rocket industry, the philosophy department, a college professor, cow’s milk, an iron bridge, the world championship, Ireland’s wool, working class families, Oxford University, a school reform, a book shelf, the law faculty, a football fan, a week’s rest, an automatic station, tourist camps, summer months, October weather.


1.2. Of - phrases

       1)     For things, ideas etc., we normally use of (... of the water / ... of the book etc.): the temperature of the water, the name of the book, the owner of the restaurant.
       2)     We say the beginning/end/middle of ... / the top/bottom of ... / the front/back/side of ... : the beginning of the month (not the month's beginning) the top of the hill, the back of the car
       We use -'s mostly for people or animals:
       Ex. Tom's computer isn't working, (not the computer of Tom)
       How old are Chris's children? (not the children of Chris)
       But: Don't step on the cat's tail.
       We use -'s with a noun (Tom/friend/teacher etc.).
       We do not use -'s with a long group of words. So we say: your friend's name but the name of the woman sitting by the door Note that we say a woman's hat, a boy's name, a bird's egg etc.


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            Translate into English using preposition of or -’s, -s’.



       Кусок мела, стены классной комнаты, новые слова этого урока, цвет пола, книга этого студента, стол преподавателя, окна нашей комнаты, лучи солнца, вопрос урока №9, статья той газеты, шляпа нашего ученика, рабочие этого города, жена моего друга, новая сумка моей подруги, сыновья моего друга, дочь моих друзей, книга нашего преподавателя, книги наших учителей, друг моей сестры, друзья моих родителей, словарь этих студентов, словари этого студента, семья моего брата.

1.3. The use of Articles


            1. Explain the use or absence of articles in the following sentences.


       1.     This is a pencil. It is a red pencil. The red pencil is on the table. 2. I’m a teacher. I’m at home now. This is my room. The room is large and clean. 3. Open your books at page 13. 4. This is a black tie and that is a white tie. 5. Yesterday I met a friend of mine with a young girl. The girl is a first-year student of the University. She lives on the second floor in the house not far from us. 6. Summer is the most beautiful season of the year. There are many flowers in the fields and gardens everywhere. The flowers are very beautiful in your garden. 7. Victory Square is in the centre of Minsk. 8. I live in Kirov Street. 9. The Black Sea is in the South of our country. 10. I live in Russia and my friend lives in the Republic of Belarus.


            2. Insert articles where necessary.


   1. A: Look at this picture. What do you see?
   B: I see a chair, a desk, a window, and a plant.
   A: Where is __ chair?
   B: __ chair is under __ window.
   A: Where is __ plant?
   B: __ plant is beside __ chair.


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   A: Do you see any people?
   B: Yes. I see __ man and __ woman. __ man is standing. __ woman is sitting down.
   A: Do you see any animals?
   B: Yes. I see __ dog, __ cat, and __ bird in __ cage.
   A: What is __ dog doing?
   B: It’s sleeping.
   A: How about __ cat?
   B: __ cat is watching __ bird.

       1.     __ sugar is sweet. 2. Pass me __ sugar. 3. __ oranges are orange, __ bananas are yellow. 4. There is some fruit on __ table. I’m not going to eat __ bananas because they are soft and brown. 5. I like __ fruit. I also like __ vegetables. 6. Ann works in __ airport. 7. Ann works in __ university. 8. Ann works in __ restaurant. 9. __ my book is there. 10. It’s __ his car. 11. This is __ our house. 12. My brother is __ doctor. 13. My brother is __ actor. 14. My brother is __ student. 15. __ rose is __ flower. 16. __ apple is __ fruit. 17. __ piano is __ musical instrument. 18. We live in __ big house. There’s __ nice garden with __ beautiful trees. 19. They have __ three houses. In every house they have __ TV set and __ big rooms. 20. I like to read __ interesting book. At home I read __ interesting books every day. 21. When are you going to play ______ football? - On ____ Saturday.
   22. When are you going to play ______tennis? - On ____ Wednesday.
   23. When are you going to play basketball? - On __ Friday. 24. This is __ letter. __ letter is long. 25. This is __ apple. __ apple is red. 26. This is __ student. __ student is good. 27. When are you going to play __ piano? 28. When are you going to play __ guitar? 29. When are going to play __ Casio piano? 30. These are __ rooms. __ rooms are __ nice. 31. These are __ sweaters. __ sweaters are for __ you. 32. These are __ pencils. __ pencils are __ red. 33. It’s __ hair. 34. It’s __ chalk. 35. It’s __ bread. 36. What is __ name of this girl? 37. What is __ capital of Brazil? 38. Who is __ president of Russia?

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   39. Is Nicole from __ Canada? 40. Is Greg from __ America? 41. Is Masha from __ Russia? 42. __ Ivanovs live in __ Dedenevo. 43. Where’s Bill? - I think he’s at school. 44. It’s time for breakfast. 45. Would you like __ cup __ tea? 46. Are you going to __ movies? 47. My son is __ teacher at __ Harvard University. 48. Are you having __ trouble with __ English? 49. Is __ Al in __ tenth grade?

     a)    He is ... father already. They are ... twins. This man is ... distant relative of mine. This woman is . widow. They are . husband and . wife. My father is . doctor. . Petrovs are our neighbors, . very nice people. We are four in . family: . mother, . father, . son and . daughter. My cousin is . surgeon by . profession. Are . Smirnovs in . Far East now? - Yes, they are. They are in . Khabarovsk.
      b)     I am explaining . new rule to you. Please take . notes. Look at . blackboard. Here are . examples. What’s . English for «город»? If this word is new to you take . dictionary, look this word in . dictionary and put it down into your note-books. We are studying . English. It is not easy to learn . foreign language.
     c)    Open . books on .   page 20, please. . pupils are doing .
   exercise 5. Will you read . paragraph 3, please? . paragraph is easy. Will you write . sentence 2, please? They are in . room 7.
     d)    This is . classroom. There are ten students in .   classroom.
   One student is standing, . others are sitting. There is .  table in .
   classroom. There are . flowers on . windows. Two pictures are on . the wall. One picture is near . door, . other is near one of . windows. . blackboard is in . middle of one of . walls. There is . large map to . right of .     blackboard. It is . map of . world.
   There are . different countries on it, they are all of . different colours.
     e)    1. I usually have . breakfast at 8 in . morning. I like to have
   . hot breakfast. I have . eggs, . bread, .      butter and . tea for .
   breakfast. It is . very substantial breakfast, isn’t it? . breakfast

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   today is very good. 2. I like to have ... dinner at ... home. In summer we have . very simple dinner. . dinner is already cold. 3. I have . supper with my friend three times . week. 4. It is . pleasant to play . chess in . evening after . good supper. 5. . dinner is over. 6. . supper is ready.

1.4. The Article with Material Nouns

     Salt is used to flavour food.
     But: Can you pass me the salt, please? (= the salt on the table)
   I. Insert an article where necessary.
       1. I like to have a good breakfast of . bread, . butter, . milk
   or . cream. 2. Where is . butter? - It is in the fridge. 3. Put . milk on the gas-stove. 4. Pass me . cream, please. 5. In England friends often meet at tea time for a chat while they have their cup of . tea, . cake or . bread-and-butter. 6. . chalk is white. 7. You must not drink . cold water. 8. . water in this lake is warm. 9. Some kinds of . glass are as strong as . metal. 10. Different kinds of . artificial
   silk are very common nowadays. 11. .silk of these curtains was the same colour as that of the cushions. 12. . gas and electricity are the conveniences we have in every flat. 13. The spoon is made of . wood. 14. . butter and . cheese are made from . milk. 15. I’m afraid . milk has gone sour, Ann. 16. She ate . ice-cream after dinner and fell ill.
     II. Translate the following sentences.
       1.     Вода кипит при 100°по Цельсию. 2. Белый снег покрыл землю. 3. Хотите чашку чая. 4. Чай горячий. 5. Лед тает при нуле градусов. 6. Из чего делают бумагу? 7. Воздух такой горячий. Тяжело дышать. 8. Мед очень полезен для здоровья. 9. Не ходите через реку, лед очень тонкий. 10. Чай растет в Китае и Индии.

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