First Steps in Scientific Communication

МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯИ НАУКИ 

РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ 
Федеральное государственное 

автономноеобразовательное учреждение

высшего образования

«Южный федеральный университет»

Л.В. Буренко, В.П. Овчаренко, Л.К. Сальная

 

FIRST STEPS 

IN SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATION

УЧЕБНОЕПОСОБИЕ 

Таганрог

Издательство Южного федерального университета

2016

УДК 811.11 (075.8)
ББК 81.2 Англ-92

Б912

Печатается по решению редакционно-издательского совета

Южного федерального университета

Рецензенты:

кандидат социологических наук, доцент Южного федерального университета

Э.А. Сидельник

кандидат филологических наук, доцент Таганрогского института им. А.П. Чехова 

РГЭУ (РИНХ) Г.С. Плотникова

Б912
Буренко, Л.В.
FirstStepsinScientificCommunication
/ 
Буренко
Л. В., 

Овчаренко В. П., Сальная Л. К.; Южный федеральный 
университет. 
–
Таганрог: 
Издательство 
Южного 

федерального университета, 2016. – 78 с.
ISBN978-5-9275-2254-5

Учебное пособие предназначено для студентов бакалавриата и магистратуры, 
изучающих английский язык для практического использования в профессиональной 
деятельности. 
Целью 
пособия 
является 
совершенствование 
иноязычной 

коммуникативной и общепрофессиональных компетенций будущих специалистов. В 
учебном пособии представлен материал, направленный на обучение студентов и 
магистрантов написаниюаннотаций
и статей на английском языке, а также 

представлению результатов своих исследований на конференциях.

ISBN 978-5-9275-2254-5
УДК 811.11 (075.8)

ББК 81.2 Англ-92

©Южный федеральный университет, 2016

© БуренкоЛ.В., ОвчаренкоВ.П., Сальная Л.К., 2016.

ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ

ПРЕДИСЛОВИE………..……………………………………….………....5

PART 1. WRITING AN ANNOTATION………………………………....7

PART 2.TAKING PART IN A CONFERENCE………………………..22

PART 3.WRITING A RESEARCH ARTICLE…………………………37

APPENDIX 1.  PUNCTUATION……………………………………….….60

APPENDIX 2.  PROBLEM WORDS AND EXPRESSIONS………….....65

APPENDIX 3.  LATIN EXPRESSION……………………………………75

APPENDIX 4.  USEFUL VERBS FOR PRESENTATION……………...75

БИБЛИОГРАФИЧЕСКИЙСПИСОК………………………………….76

ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ

Everything is easy when you know how!

JenniferPeat

Настоящее учебное пособие предназначено для студентов старших 

курсов бакалавриата, магистрантов всех специальностей неязыкового вуза, а 

также всех, кто осуществляет научное общение наанглийском языке. Основной 

целью пособия является совершенствование иноязычной коммуникативной и 

общепрофессиональных компетенций будущих специалистов,а именно обучение 

студентов написаниюаннотаций
и статей на английском языке, а также 

представлению результатов своих исследований на конференциях.

Данное учебное пособие призвано помочьбудущим специалистам стать 

активными участниками международного профессионального сообщества, что 

позволит им реализовать свой научный потенциал.  

Учебное 
пособие 
состоит 
из 
3разделов. 
Первый 
раздел 
(PART

1.WRITINGANANNOTATION) 
посвящен 
написанию 
аннотаций. 
В 
нем 

рассматриваются структурные компоненты и требования к оформлению 

аннотаций, приведены примеры аннотаций к статьям, опубликованным в 

иностранных 
журналах. 
Авторы 
предлагают 
примеры 
наиболее 

распространенных 
клише, 
которые 
рекомендуется 
использовать 
при 

написании аннотаций.  

Материал 
второго 
раздела(PART
2. 

TAKINGPARTINACONFERENCE)предназначен 
предотвращению 

коммуникативных неудач при подготовке презентаций и участии в научных 

конференциях на английском языке. Раздел содержит аутентичное письмо
приглашение и регистрационную форму для участия в конференции. Авторы 

предлагают 
практические 
рекомендации 
для 
подготовки 
доклада 
с 

презентацией, а также советы по планированию выступления, подготовке и 

использованию 
раздаточных 
материалов, 
организации 
визуального 

сопровождения выступления и эффективному общению с аудиторией. В 

разделе предложены клише, использование которых значительно облегчит 

подготовку доклада с презентацией на конференции. 

Втретьемразделе(PART
3. 
WRITINGARESEARCHARTICLE) 

представлена пошаговая инструкция по написанию научной статьи на английском 

языке. Подробно рассматриваются особенности грамотного оформления заголовка 

статьи, 
составления 
аннотации, 
написания 
введения, 
описания 
методов 

исследования и представления результатов работы.Особое значение авторы 

уделяют практико ориентированным заданиям, позволяющим студентам и 

магистрантам тщательно отработать каждый этап написания научной статьи 

на английском языке. 

Приложения включаютв себя грамматический и лексический материал, 

представляющий особую сложность для изучающих английский язык при 

осуществлении письменной и устной коммуникации в научной деятельности. 

 
Учебное пособие предназначено как для аудиторной, так и для 

внеаудиторной работы студентов бакалавриата и магистратуры, а также лиц, 

самостоятельно 
изучающих 
английский 
язык 
для 
общения 
в 

профессиональной сфере. 

 
Авторы с благодарностью примут все замечания, предложения и пожелания и 

учтут их в дальнейшей работе. Официальный сайт кафедры иностранных языков 

ЮФУ: nlo@tgn.sfedu.ru. 

Авторы

PART 1.

WRITING AN ANNOTATION

Annotation is a brief critical summary of the text. 

It covers the main facts and details of the document that allow to realize its 

scientific and practical importance and point out its distinctive features.

According to their functions annotations can be classified as informational 

(presenting the topic of the text) and recommendation (critically analyzing the significance 

of the text for a definite group of readers).

In compliance with the contents coverage we can distinguish generalizing 

(summarizing the document) and specific (revealing the contents of some definite aspects 

of the text)annotations.

GUIDE TO WRITING ANNOTATIONS

1. Define the type of the annotation.

2. Mind the requirements to the amount of the annotation (500 – 2000 printed characters 

depending on the annotation type).

3. Take into account linguistic features of the annotation

 clarity of presentation,

 uniformity of terms and abbreviations,

 using Passive Voice and impersonal constructions,

 use ofintroductory words and linking phrases to arrange the annotation.

ANNOTATION STRUCTURE

I. Introductory part, that includes bibliographic description and the main idea of an 

article or a book.

II. Main part, that covers significant theories and statements of the document.

III. Concluding part, that contains a brief characteristic of the paper, its assessment and 

area of use.

CLICHÉS FOR ANNOTATION WRITING

I.Introductory part.
Thearticleisheadlined…
As the title implies the article describes…
The article for rendering / reviewing was written by…
The author of the article is…
The article under discussion was presented by…
It’s a newspaper / scientific article published (where / when).

II.Main part.
The main idea of the article is…
The article is about…
The article is devoted to…
The article is concerned with…
The article deals with…
The article is focused upon…
The article touches upon the issue of…
The purpose of the article is to give the reader some information on…
The aim of the article is to provide the reader with some material on… 
The author starts by telling (the reader) that…
The author (of the article) writes (reports, states, stresses, thinks, notes, considers, 
believes, analyses, points out, says, describes) that… / draws reader’s attention to...
Much attention is given to…
According to the article…
The article goes on to say that…
It is reported (shown, stressed) that …
It is spoken in detail about…
From what the author says it becomes clear that…
The fact that … is stressed.
The article gives a detailed analysis of…
Further the author reports (writes, states, stresses, thinks, notes, considers, believes, 
analyses, points out, says, describes) that… / draws reader’s attention to...
In conclusion the author writes (reports, states, stresses, thinks, notes, considers, believes, 
analyses, points out, says, describes) that… / draws reader’s attention to...
The author comes to the conclusion that…
The following conclusions are drawn: …
I found the article (rather) interesting (important, useful) as / because…
III.Concluding part.

I think / In my opinion the article is (rather) interesting (important, useful) as / 
because…
I found the article too hard to understand / rather boring as / because…
The article is of great help to…

ANNOTATION EXAMPLES

Example 1

Laser lidar

Laser-based lidar (light detection and ranging) has also proven to be an important 

tool for oceanographers. While satellite pictures of the ocean surface provide insight into 

overall ocean health and hyperspectral imaging provides more insight, lidar is able to 

penetrate beneath the surface and obtain more specific data, even in murky coastal waters. 

In addition, lidar is not limited to cloudless skies or daylight hours.

“One of the difficulties of passive satellite-based systems is that there is water 

surface reflectance, water-column influence, water chemistry, and also the influence of the 

bottom”, said Chuck Bostater, director of the remote sensing lab at Florida Tech 

University (Melbourne, FL). “In shallow waters we want to know the quality of the water 

and remotely sense the water column without having the signal contaminated by the water 

column or the bottom”.

A typical lidar system comprises a laser transmitter, receiver telescope, 

photodetectors, and range-resolving detection electronics. In coastal lidar studies, a 532
nm laser is typically used because it is well absorbed by the constituents in the water and 

so penetrates deeper in turbid or dirty water (400 to 490 nm penetrates deepest in clear 

ocean water). The laser transmits a short pulse of light in a specific direction. The light 

interacts with molecules in the air, and the molecules send a small fraction of the light 

back to telescope, where it is measured by the photodetectors.

Annotation to article “Laser lidar”

Laser lidar. “Laser Focus World”, 2003, v 46, №3, p45.

The text focuses on the use of laser-based lidar in oceanography.

The ability of lidar to penetrate into the ocean surface to obtain specific data in 

murky coastal waters is specially mentioned.

Particular attention is given to the advantage of laser-based lidars over passive 

satellite-based systems iN obtaining signals not being contaminated by the water column 

or the bottom.

A typical lidar system is described with emphasis on the way it works.

This information may be of interest to research teams engaged in studying shallow 

waters.

Example 2

The article concerns issues of cloning, and represents basic information about 

scientific researches and developments in this area. It stresses the main barriers and 

arguments against human cloning and describes the most common defects, which make 

cloning an unreliable and unsafe process.

The article gives an overview of the first successful experiment of cloning when a 

lamb, Dolly, was cloned from the mammary cell of an adult ewe, refusing the scientific 

dogma of impossibility of this process.

The more scientists have learnt about the inner workings of the procedure that 

created Dolly, the more they were amazed she survived at all. Clones are vulnerable 

throughout the intricate cloning process. The most common defects which can be seen 

across most of species that have been cloned so far is a condition known as large offspring 

syndrome, when clones are born larger than normal and the trouble breathing in their first 

few weeks.

The fact that clones have defects serves one of the main arguments that the 

scientists have made against human cloning, although they understand the importance of it 

for the medical purposes.

Example 3

Purpose: Because of the large and continuous energetic requirements of brain 

function, neurometabolic dysfunction is a key pathophysiologic aspect of the epileptic 

brain. Additionally, neurometabolic dysfunction has many self-propagating features that 

are typical of epileptogenic processes, that is, where each occurrence makes the likelihood 

of further mitochondrial and energetic injury more probable. Thus abnormal 

neurometabolism may be not only a chronic accompaniment of the epileptic brain, but also 

a direct contributor to epileptogenesis. Methods: We examine the evidence for 

neurometabolic dysfunction in epilepsy, integrating human studies of metabolic imaging, 

electrophysiology, microdialysis, as well as intracranial EEG and neuropathology. 

Results: As an approach of noninvasive functional imaging, quantitative magnetic 

resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) measured abnormalities of mitochondrial and 

energetic dysfunction (via 1H or 31P spectroscopy) are related to several pathophysiologic 

indices of epileptic dysfunction. With patients undergoing hippocampal resection, 

intraoperative 13C-glucose turnover studies show a profound decrease in neurotransmitter 

(glutamate-glutamine) cycling relative to oxidation in the sclerotic hippocampus. 

Increased extracellular glutamate (which has long been associated with increased seizure 

likelihood) is significantly linked with declining energetics as measured by 31P MR, as 

well as with increased EEG measures of Teager energy, further arguing for a direct role of 

glutamate with hyperexcitability. Discussion: Given the important contribution that 

metabolic performance makes toward excitability in brain, it is not surprising that 

numerous aspects of mitochondrial and energetic state link significantly with 

electrophysiologic and microdialysis measures in human epilepsy. This may be of 

particular relevance with the self-propagating nature of mitochondrial injury, but may also 

help define the conditions for which interventions may be developed. © 2008 International 

League Against Epilepsy.

TASK 1. Read the following texts and write theannotations.

COMPUTER ENGINEERING

Two Improved Cancellation Techniques for Direct-Conversion Receivers

Xueyuan Hao and Xiaohong Yan
Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210003, China
Received 19 April 2016; Revised 15 July 2016; Accepted 27 July 2016
Academic Editor: Ahmed M. Soliman

1. Introduction
The direct-conversion receiver (DCR), also known as zero-IF receiver, is a radio 

receiver design that realizes the RF signal one-time conversion to baseband signal. 

Compared to the super heterodyne structure, the DCR system has no mirror frequency 
interference and can be easily realized with low cost [1].

In the single antenna DCR system, a special component, the circulator, is generally 

used to realize the isolation between sending signals and receiving signal; it is shown in 
Figure 1.

Circulator is a three-port device, including the launch port, the antenna port, and a 

receive port. Due to the properties of the magnetic material, the circulator is not easy to be 
designed with high isolation. Measured by the vector network analyzer in good match 
case, the isolation can only reach 26 dB. In actual application, due to wiring length in 
circuit board and the antenna impedance mismatch, the isolation is often lower than 20 dB 
[2]. The low isolation will cause some problems, the first one is linearity issue; the 
transmitted signal can be leaked into the receive port by several ways as shown in 
Figure 2; one way is through the antenna port directly leaking into the receive port, and the 
other one is from the launch port circulator leakage to the receiving port. The power of 
leakage signal in receiving port is far greater than the received signal power; it is easy to 
cause the receiver front-end circuit (LNA and mixer) saturation.

Another issue of the DCR system is the DC offset problem. Any leakage between 

LO and RF ports of the mixer will produce an undesired DC component; the large DC 
signal will stature the subsequent DC amplifier. Because of the existence of the DC 
voltage, the wideband amplifier cannot work in DC coupling mode and can only work in 
the AC coupling mode. The AC capacitor not only limits the data rate but also influences 
the pulse width of the baseband signal, and the uncertain baseband signal pulse width will 
seriously affect the subsequent decoding algorithm.

2. The Traditional Workaround Method Used in DCR System
To solve the above problem, people put forward some improvement measures 

[3, 4]. One method is to try to improve the impedance matching of the circulator port, 
using Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) better antenna switch to increase 
compensation link in the actual circuit. However, practice shows that the effects of the 
method are rather limited because of the circulator own property. The second method is to 
reduce the power of the transmitted signal leaks to the receive terminal in order to reduce 
the transmit signal power level; the result is a reduction in communication distance. The 
third method, high IP3 double balanced mixers, is used at the receiver; the result is 
reducing the receiver SNR and also affecting the communication distance and the 
communication quality at the receiver.

The abovementioned methods are not significantly improving the mentioned 

problems, and they limit the DCR system scope of the application system.

3. A Novel Carrier Cancellation Technique
Carrier cancellation technology is a reverse power synthesis technology [5] that 

can be used to solve the nonlinear distortion of the power amplifier and extended the