В помощь первокурснику: общеакадемические компетенции
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Тематика:
Английский язык
Издательство:
Дашков и К
Автор:
Лазарева Ирина Николаевна
Год издания: 2015
Кол-во страниц: 76
Дополнительно
Вид издания:
Учебное пособие
Уровень образования:
Профессиональное образование
ISBN: 978-5-394-02579-2
Артикул: 636795.01.99
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Данное учебное пособие содержит систематизированный комплекс инструктивных материалов и практических заданий по освоению общеакадемических компетенций в контексте изучения дисциплины «английский язык». Издание предназначено для студентов с различным уровнем подготовки, стремящихся овладеть как специальным лингвистическим знанием, так и умениями эффективной интеллектуальной деятельности, позволяющими вывести учащихся на высокий уровень профессионального общения. Рекомендуется для аудиторной и самостоятельной работы.
Тематика:
ББК:
УДК:
ОКСО:
- 45.00.00: ЯЗЫКОЗНАНИЕ И ЛИТЕРАТУРОВЕДЕНИЕ
- ВО - Бакалавриат
- 45.03.02: Лингвистика
- ВО - Магистратура
- 45.04.02: Лингвистика
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THE MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION FAR EASTERN FEDERAL UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF REGIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES I.N. Lazareva AN ACADEMIC EXCELLENCE STARTER KIT FOR EFL FRESHMEN Study Guide Moscow Dashkov & Co Inc. 2015
УДК 811.111’ 24: 94(5) (075.8) ББК 81.432.1: 63. 3(5)я 73 – 5 Л17 Рекомендовано к изданию экспертно-методическим советом ФГАОУ ВПО «Дальневосточный федеральный университет» 27. 05. 2014г. Рецензенты: И. В. Балицкая — д.п.н., профессор, Сахалинский государственный университет; А. Г. Долган — к.п.н., доцент, Хабаровская государственная ака- демия экономики и права. Консультант: Dr. Jayasiri P. Rajapakse, PhD (Lond), MPhil (Camb), CEng, FCIWEM, MICE, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane. Лазарева И.Н. An Academic Excellence Starter Kit for EFL Freshmen: учебное пособие / И. Н. Лазарева. — М.: Издательско-торговая корпорация «Дашков и К°», 2015. — 76 стр. ISBN 978-5-394-02579-2 Данное учебное пособие содержит систематизированный комплекс инструктивных материалов и практических заданий по освоению общеакадемических компетенций в контексте изучения дисциплины «английский язык». Издание предназначено для сту- дентов с различным уровнем подготовки, стремящихся овладеть как специальным лингвистическим знанием, так и умениями эффек- тивной интеллектуальной деятельности, позволяющими вывести учащихся на высокий уровень профессионального общения. Реко- мендуется для аудиторной и самостоятельной работы. © Лазарева И. Н., 2015
TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTORY NOTE ........................................................................... 4 PRELIMINARY ........................................................................................... 6 CHAPTER 1. BUILDING YOUR VOCABULARY ................................... 9 CHAPTER 2. LEARNING GRAMMAR .................................................. 22 CHAPTER 3. THINKING-INTENSIVE READING ................................ 26 CHAPTER 4. IMPROVING WRITING SKILLS ..................................... 45 CHAPTER 5. DEVELOPING ORAL LANGUAGE SKILLS .................. 55 APPENDIX A ........................................................................................... 64 APPENDIX B ........................................................................................... 66 APPENDIX C ............................................................................................ 67 APPENDIX D ............................................................................................ 68 APPENDIX E ............................................................................................ 69 APPENDIX F ............................................................................................ 71 APPENDIX G ............................................................................................ 72 APPENDIX H ............................................................................................ 73 GLOSSARY .............................................................................................. 74 BIBLIOGRAPHY ..................................................................................... 75
INTRODUCTORY NOTE________________________________________ An Academic Excellence Starter Kit for EFL Freshmen is a personal learning guide which applies to the goals that are at the core of real learning in tertiary education. The book’s main function lies in giving assistance in adjusting to the expectations of university study therewith offering the instruments of deeper learning. This developmental guide provides all-purpose academic skills advice appropriate to learners across all disciplines and those engaged in professional development and anybody who wants to learn effectively. When you are better equipped for academic studies you will develop your own personal approach to learning. This will increase your awareness and you will become more confident. Five units of study open your mind to considering the skills necessary to succeed in the classroom and workplace. The material contains authentic reading passages, oral and written work, basic structures and active strategies. Each of the five parts is self-standing and can be used solo. The choice of the material is left to the individual learner or teacher to decide. The book includes a range of components fully integrated into its structure. Language study skills form part of the developmental course enabling you to take control of your foreign language and transdisciplinary performance. Unit 1 sets up for engaging in higher-order thinking tasks. Expanding vocabulary range with thinking words and phrases, and practicing conscious use of the language of the world scientific community gives a grounding for communicating independently while being reflective, critical and creative. Unit 2 provides an overview of basic grammar rules. Students learn how to use structures in context. Unit 3 will assist you to get the most out of your readings: learning how to question and annotate texts in order to understand what their originator is trying to communicate. Unit 4 prepares students for academic writing tasks: encoding messages into words, sentences, and paragraphs for the purpose of communicating to a person; identifies structures for individual accountability (individual reporting).
Unit 5 focuses on intellectually challenging communicative activities; provides guidance on procedures. Objectives Addressed in the Activities The aim of this course is that on successful completion, you should be able to: Isolate and learn the meaning of the important words (unit 1). Experience phrases for different speaking purposes (unit 5). Improve the structure of written assignments (unit 2). Analyze sentence links that help you follow the ideas (unit 1). Rewrite difficult sentences in your own words (unit 4). Monitor your comprehension (units 1, 3) Understand relations between parts of a text through cohesion devices (units 1, 3) Organize ideas (units 4, 5) Recognize your own point of view (units 1, 3, 4, 5). Determine the personal value of what you have read (unit 3). Recognize the use of what you have read (unit 3). Summarize (units 3, 4, 5). Synthesize information (units 4, 5) Make study sheets (units 2, 3, 4, 5). Work collaboratively with others (units 2, 4, 5). Make after-action review (units 1, 3,4,5) Self-evaluating (units 1, 3, 5) Elaborate on the material by thinking about its implications or how to use it (units 1, 3). If you follow these strategies you will become a better thinker and learner. As a result of your studies within this course you will establish habits necessary to succeed in academic and professional environments.
PRELIMINARY_______________________________________________ Learning Goals: Mobilizing prior knowledge; searching existing schemata. Considering the concept of learning that is pursued throughout life. ______________________________________________________________ Lifelong learning has become so much important in the Knowledge Age when being able to apply knowledge is one of the keys to success. This form of education embraces an extensive range of learning settings and contexts: Formal Non-formal Informal ACE institutions Labour market programs Clubs Universities Professional associations Libraries VET providers On-the-job training Museums High schools Work experience programs Art galleries Primary schools Volunteer organisations Playgrounds Pre-schools Childcare centres Families U3As Learning circles Elder care Reading Activity. Match the tips for installing the habit of lifelong learning with their descriptions Tips to Cultivate Lifelong Learning Learning is a great activity. It expands your viewpoint. It gives you new knowledge you can use to improve your life. But in a busy world, it can often be hard to fit in time to learn anything that isn’t essential. The only things learned are those that need to be. Everything beyond that is considered frivolous. Even those who do appreciate the practice of lifelong learning, can find it difficult to make the effort. Here are some tips for installing the habit of lifelong learning: Always have a book. Keep a “To-Learn” List Get More Intellectual Friends Guided Thinking Put it Into Practice Teach Others Clean Your Input Learn in Groups
Unlearn Assumptions Find Jobs that Encourage Learning Start a Project Follow Your Intuition The Morning Fifteen Reap the Rewards Make it a Priority A. Learn information you can use. Meeting a situation that makes use of your educational efforts can be a source of pride. B. Pick a career that encourages continual learning. If you are in a job that doesn’t have much intellectual freedom, consider switching to one that does. Don’t spend forty hours of your week in a job that doesn’t challenge you. C. Use the first fifteen minutes of your morning as a period for education. If you find yourself too groggy, you might want to wait a short time. Just don’t put it off later in the day where urgent activities will push it out of the way. D. It doesn’t matter if it takes you a year or a week to read a book. Always strive to have a book that you are reading through, and take it with you so you can read it when you have time. Just by shaving off a few minutes inbetween activities in your day you can read about a book per week. That’s at least fifty each year. E. Set out to do something you don’t know how. Forced learning in this way can be fun and challenging. F. We all have to-do lists. These are the tasks we need to accomplish. Try to also have a “to-learn” list. On it you can write ideas for new areas of study. Maybe you would like to take up a new language, learn a skill or read the collective works of Shakespeare. Whatever motivates you, write it down. G. Start spending more time with people who are smart, people who actually invest much of their time in learning new skills. Their habits will rub off on you. Even better, they will probably share some of their knowledge with you.
H. Few external forces are going to persuade you to learn. The desire has to come from within. Once you decide you want to make lifelong learning a habit, it is up to you to make it a priority in your life. I. Lifelong learning doesn’t mean condemning yourself to a stack of dusty textbooks. Join organizations that teach skills. Workshops and group learning events can make educating yourself a fun, social experience. J. Lifelong learning is like wandering through the wilderness. You can’t be sure what to expect and there isn’t always an end goal in mind. Letting your intuition guide you can make self-education more enjoyable. K. You learn what you teach. If you have an outlet of communicating ideas to others, you are more likely to solidify that learning. Start a blog, mentor someone or even discuss ideas with a friend. L. You can’t add water to a full cup. Always try to maintain a distance away from any idea. Too many convictions simply mean too few paths for new ideas. Actively seek out information that contradicts your worldview. M. Albert Einstein once said, “Any man who reads too much and uses his own brain too little falls into lazy habits of thinking.” Simply studying the wisdom of others isn’t enough, you have to think through ideas yourself. Spend time journaling, meditating or contemplating over ideas you have learned. N. Some forms of learning are easy to digest, but often lack substance. Make a point of regularly cleaning out your feed reader for blogs you subscribe to. Great blogs can be a powerful source of new ideas. But every few months, purify your input to save time and focus on what counts. O. Skill based learning is useless if it isn’t applied. Reading a book isn’t the same thing as writing a program. Studying painting isn’t the same as picking up a brush. If your knowledge can be applied, put it into practice.
CHAPTER 1. BUILDING YOUR VOCABULARY Objectives: This unit helps you become aware of the academic vocabulary; teaches you strategies for learning new vocabulary. _____________________________________________________________ 1. Purpose Words To know what to do in your assignments, you need to identify the purpose word. Here is a list of common purpose words. Compare show how two things are alike or different Contrast show how things are different Define tell what a subject means, what category it belongs to, or what it is used for. Describe identify what something/somebody looks like. Evaluate give your viewpoint about the value of something. Explain show how something works / happened etc. Persuade convince somebody to agree with your viewpoint about. Prove show that something is true or false. Summarize present the main point in a clear, concise form. 2. Keeping Vocabulary Records Put special attention to new vocabulary words. (1) Label your vocabulary notes at the top of the page with the topic. (2) Number vocabulary items so as to keep information in good order. (3) All the new words are to be recorded in their dictionary forms and not as they appear in the book. (4) Review your notes after class. During your review, highlight or mark vocabulary words you like / dislike, words that are most important / not so much important / most difficult / easy, etc. 2.1. Self- Assessment. Rate your vocabulary organizing skills. Then explain your rating in a brief paragraph. Ineffective Very Effective 1 2 3 4 5
3. What You Need to Do to Build Vocabulary Focus on retrieving the words rather than recognizing them. Every time you retrieve a word the connection between the form of the word and its meaning is made stronger. Using word cards with the word to be learned on one side and the translations on the other forces you to retrieve the word. Space the number of repetitions of the words you are learning because spacing repetitions results in longer lasting memory. The best spacing is to review the words a few minutes after first looking at them, then an hour or so later, then the next day, then a week later and then a couple of weeks after that. Process the words thoughtfully so that the depth of learning is better. Use techniques which encourage you to make a lot of associations with the words you are learning. For example, think of language contexts and situational contexts in which you could use the words. Use internal clues to define words. Internal clues are a word’s prefixes. Roots, and suffixes – the elements that make up the word, which are derived from other languages and which contribute to its meaning. Avoid interference between the words you are learning by choosing words which are spelled differently and start with different letters. Don't learn words with similar meanings at the same time. Words which look the same or share similar meanings are easy to confuse and make your learning less effective. 3.1. Which of the following strategies do you use? Which are completely new to you? Which one do you really need to work on? Jot down your thoughts in a short paragraph. 4. The All-Purpose Academic Word List The Academic Word List (Coxhead, 2000) is a very important learning goal for learners who are going to do academic study in English. The Academic Word List (AWL) consists of 570 word families that occur over a wide range
of academic texts. The AWL word families were selected according to range and frequency. 4.1. For each of the words from the the AWL write a definition, a synonym and a sentence. Available a definition........................................................................................................ a synonym......................................................................................................... a sentence.......................................................................................................... Obtain a definition........................................................................................................ a synonym........................................................................................................ a sentence........................................................................................................... Investigate a definition......................................................................................................... a synonym.......................................................................................................... a sentence........................................................................................................... Adjust a definition.......................................................................................................... a synonym.......................................................................................................... a sentence........................................................................................................... Compound a definition........................................................................................................ a synonym.......................................................................................................... a sentence........................................................................................................... Welfare a definition........................................................................................................ a synonym.......................................................................................................... a sentence........................................................................................................... Transmit a definition.......................................................................................................... a synonym........................................................................................................... a sentence........................................................................................................... Ambiguous
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