Эпомен: юридические науки, 2022, № 2

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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http://epomen.ru/issues/Economics/1-2022.pdf 

Содержание 

Vishnivetsky J. V. 
Legal fixation of the transfer of the right to the object of property turnover (pp. 10–20) 
 
Барей Н. С. 
Тенденции кибербезопасности в современной России (стр. 21–29) 
 
Белянский Д. С., Чернышев Д. Б. 
Сообщество инцелов: деструктивный характер субкультуры, уголовно-правовые риски 
(стр. 30–39) 
 
Кудрявцева Л. В., Бутенко А. Г. 
Правоотношения супругов в российском и зарубежном законодательстве (стр. 40–45) 
 
Дробинин Д. В. Барсукова А. А. 
Понятие и цели доказывания (стр. 46–54) 
 
Захаркина А. В  
Нормативная основа правовой политики современного российского государства в сфере 
экологии: теоретико-правовой концепт (стр. 55–61) 
 
Ильюшин Д.-Д. Д. 
Проблемы правового регулирования и применения сделок, заключаемых в электронной 
форме (стр. 62–69) 

Ковалев О. Г., Зайцева С. И. 
Современная уголовно-правовая политика и ее воздействие на пенитенциарную 
преступность в местах лишения свободы (стр. 70–77) 
 
Кузнецов Л.М., Теохаров А.  К. 
Особенности преступности, связанной с незаконной миграцией (стр. 78–90) 
 
Семинская А. А., Вершок И. Л. 
О психологических механизмах правового регулирования и правового воздействия (стр. 
91–97) 
 
Перяшкина А. А., Трифанова А. А., Барабашкина Е. В., Гнетова Л. В.  
Способы совершенствования налога или сбора (стр. 98–104) 
 
Рудкевич Е. В. 
Криминалистическая 
характеристика 
злоупотребления 
властью 
или 
служебными 

полномочиями: тенденции развития, структурные элементы (стр. 105–115) 
 
Цуран С. А., Вершок И. Л.  
Правовой статус экологического беженца (стр. 116–123) 
 
Клименко А. И. 
Пробелы в правовом регулировании  защиты прав потребителей на маркетплейсах (стр. 
124–130) 

Дробот Д. О., Красильников С. В. 
Противоречивое восприятие справедливости в современном обществе, соотношение 
справедливости и законности в российском праве (стр. 131–137) 
 
Бова Д. А. 
К вопросу о смягчении ответственности застройщика в рамках исполнения обязательств по 
договору долевого участия (стр. 138–143) 
Usenko A. S. 
Некоторые аспекты получения криминалистически значимой информации из мобильных 
устройств (стр. 144–149) 
 
Usenko A. S. 
Обобщенные 
данные 
обстановки 
незаконного 
участия 
в 
предпринимательской 

деятельности (стр. 150–154) 
 
Чуев А. А. 
Дубровский Н. С. 
Криминалистика блокчейна: некоторые особенности расследования преступлений с 
использованием криптовалют (стр. 155–160) 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 

 
 
 
http://epomen.ru/issues/Law/2-2023.pdf

Table of Contents 

Vishnivetsky J. V. 
Legal fixation of the transfer of the right to the object of property turnover (pp. 10–20) 

Barey N. S. 
Cybersecurity trends in modern Russia (pp. 21–29) 

Belyansky D. S., Chernyshev D. B. 
Incel community: destructive nature of subculture, criminal law risks (pp. 30–39) 

Kudryavtseva L. V., Butenko A. G. 
Legal relations of spouses in Russian and foreign legislation (pp. 40–45) 

Drobinin D.V., Barsukova A. A. 
The concept and objectives of proving (pp. 46–54) 

Zakharkina A. V. 
Normative Basis of the Legal Policy of the Modern Russian State in the Field of Ecology: 
Theoretical and Legal Concept (pp. 55–61) 
 
Ilyushin D.-D. D. 
Problems of legal regulation and application of transactions concluded in electronic form (pp. 
62–69) 
 
Ковалев О. Г., Зайцева С. И. 
Современная уголовно-правовая политика и ее воздействие на пенитенциарную 
преступность в местах лишения свободы (pp. 70–77) 
 
Кузнецов Л. М., Теохаров А. К. 
Особенности преступности, связанной с незаконной миграцией (pp. 78–90) 

Seminskaya A. A., Vershok I. L.  
About psychological mechanisms of legal regulation and legal influence (pp. 91–97) 

Peryashkina A. A., Trifanova A. A., Barabashkina E. V., Gnetova L. V. 
Ways to improve the tax or collection (pp. 98–104) 
 
Rudkevich E.  V. 
Criminalistic characteristics of abuse of power or official authority: development trends, 
structural elements (pp. 105–115) 
 
Stepan A. T., Vershok I. L. 
Legal status of Climate refugee (pp. 116–123) 

Klimenko A. 
Gaps in consumer protection law on marketplaces (pp. 124–130) 

Дробот Д. О., Красильников С. В. 
Противоречивое восприятие справедливости в современном обществе, соотношение 
справедливости и законности в российском праве (pp. 131–137) 
 

Bova D. 
To the issue of mitigation of the developer's liability in the framework of the fulfilment of 
obligations under the equity agreement (pp. 138–143) 
 
Usenko A. S. 
Some aspects of obtaining criminally significant information from mobile devices (pp. 144–149) 
 
Usenko A. S. 
Generalized data on the situation of illegal participation in entrepreneurial activity (pp. 150–154) 
 
Chuev A. A., Dubrovsky N.  S. 
Blockchain forensics: some features of a cryptocurrency crime investigation (pp. 155–160) 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
http://epomen.ru/issues/Law/2023/2.pdf 
 
 

УДК/UDC 347.1 

Legal fixation of the transfer of the right to the object of property 

turnover 

Vishnivetsky Julian Vladimirovich  
student,  
Volgograd State University 
Volgograd, Russia 
e-mail:  yub-183_782686@volsu.ru 

Abstract 

The article deals with the problems of legal fixation of the transfer of the right of 

participants to the object of property turnover. The subject of the study is the norms regulating 
property turnover and providing for the use of rights in its commission, the doctrine of law in the 
field under study. The object of the study is public relations regarding the procedures of property 
turnover, which are carried out by participants in transactions. The development of the content of 
the final work as a whole was carried out on the basis of the materialistic worldview and the 
universal scientific method of historical materialism. General scientific methods of cognition are 
applied: dialectical, hypothetical-deductive method, generalization, induction and deduction, 
analysis and synthesis, empirical description. The research also uses private scientific methods: 
dogmatic, comparative-legal, hermeneutic, structural-functional, etc. Recommendations for 
improving legislation are presented. The problems of legal fixation of participants in property 
turnover, ownership of property, disposal of property are considered. The main conclusions are 
the fixation of transactions through the legal facts of the transfer of property rights and 
obligations, as well as the legal protection of participants in property turnover from third parties. 
 
Keywords: legal fixation, objects of property turnover, ownership, absolute and relative rights, 
initial and derivative rights, grounds for termination of ownership. 

 

The transfer of the right to the object of property turnover is carried out on 

the basis of civil law contracts (with the exception of special cases, for example, 

confiscation, requisition, in which the property can be forcibly seized by 

supervisory or supervisory authorities or in court) [1]. 

Legal relations arising from contracts are regulated on the basis of the norms 

of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, as well as the terms of the contract 

itself. In general, the stages of concluding a contract include: 

1. Definition of the subject of the contract, agreement by the parties of the 

essential conditions (in writing or orally). 

2. Agreement on the procedure for the fulfillment of obligations under the 

contract, as well as an indication of this procedure in the text of the contract (for 

example, the use of a bill, check, letter of credit or transfer to a bank account), as 

well as the deadlines for the fulfillment of obligations. 

3. Signing of the contract by the parties [2]. 

The contract in all cases affects the emergence, modification or termination 

of the civil rights and obligations of its parties [3]. A contract arises as a result of 

the expression of will by two or more persons [4]. 

Most often, the basis for the transfer of rights to an object of property 

turnover is a contract of sale, as well as the performance of works and the 

provision of services (although in some cases the basis may be the transfer to 

economic management or operational management). In the case of an international 

sale contract, one condition for recognizing it as such is sufficient - the conditions 

for registration of at least one of the parties in another state [5]. 

The obligations of the seller and the buyer are mutual in relation to each 

other [6]. 

The parties agree on the procedure and term of performance of obligations 

under the contract [7]. After mutual fulfillment of obligations, the contract is 

terminated [8]. 

If such features of legal relations are not established by the contract, the 

rights and obligations of the parties are regulated by civil legislation [9]. 

The contract in all cases contains information about the subject of the 

contract, its parties, conditions and terms of execution. It is taking into account this 

information that the transfer of the right to the object of property turnover is 

carried out [10]. 

A separate group of cases is the legal fixation of rights to the object of 

property turnover in the case of public contracts. The specifics of public contracts 

are the unity of the conditions that one party offers to the other party, as well as the 

obligation to conclude a contract and the obligation to conclude on the same terms 

as with other persons. 

In practice, the conclusion of public contracts is found everywhere, first of 

all, it is the retail sale of goods, as well as the provision of certain types of services. 

At the same time, if retail sales contracts are relatively regulated in civil 

legislation, then some other types of contracts remain relatively uncertain, both in 

terms of conditions and, if possible, to classify such a contract as public. 

As an example, an energy supply contract (concerning the provision of not 

only energy, but also water, gas, etc.), which is also public, but provides for the 

possibility of refusal to provide relevant services from the organization if it or a 

potential subscriber does not have conditions for the implementation of the 

contract (as a rule, there are no networks for connection, the equipment or the 

condition of such equipment is unsatisfactory, or there is a shortage of capacity). 

More difficult cases in practice are water use contracts, in respect of which the 

issue of publicity is quite controversial [11]. 

On the one hand, the authorized authority cannot refuse to conclude such a 

contract, but on the other hand, the terms of the contract are often unequal for 

different counterparties (for example, it may depend on the type of water body, 

type of water use, etc.) [12]. 

A significant problem is also the problem of protecting the rights of the 

obligated party to the contract (for example, organizations that provide household 

services, organizations engaged in retail trade), due to the fact that obliging them to 

conclude a contract can often lead to a significant violation of their rights and 

restriction of the established freedom of entrepreneurial activity [13]. 

The characteristic legal features of a public contract are given in Article 426 

of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. 

The specifics of the rights of a public contract for the consumer are as 

follows: 

1. The seller (supplier, contractor, etc.) has no right to refuse the conclusion 

of the contract to the consumer. 

2. Prices are the same for all consumers. 

The problem within this framework is the definition of the group of 

consumers for whom the seller can reduce the price of goods or services. Due to 

the fact that this group is not defined by the legislator as a closed list, it is possible 

to interpret it at its discretion [14]. 

3. The seller who evaded the conclusion of the contract is obliged to 

compensate the consumer for the losses incurred in this regard. The problem in this 

area is the fact of proving a causal relationship between the refusal to conclude a 

contract on the part of the seller and the occurrence of losses. In addition, the 

legislator provides for the possibility of compensating moral harm, but the 

institution of compensation for moral harm in Russian civil law is not sufficiently 

regulated (as a rule, the corresponding type of harm is compensated within the 

framework of the occurrence of damage to health and life, which is not always the 

case. 

For the seller, the corresponding consumer rights give rise to obligations, in 

particular: 

1. The obligation to conclude a contract with anyone who expresses a desire. 

2. The obligation to conclude a contract on the same terms in terms of cost, 

as well as in some cases – in relation to other conditions, with an unlimited number 

of persons. 

One party to a public contract, as a rule, is a commercial organization that 

provides services, retails goods, performs work [15]. For example, according to 

clause 1 of Article 540 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, the moment of 

concluding an energy supply contract is the moment of connecting a citizen's home 

to the appropriate networks, which, however, does not apply to concluding such an 

agreement with legal entities [16]. 

According to O.S. Ioffe, the subject of the contract is those actions that one 

party to the obligation must perform for the other [17]. A household contract, as a 

kind of public contract, is the most vivid illustration of this point of view, in fact, 

its subject is the volume, timing and types of work performed for the customer by 

the contractor [18]. A household contract is public by its legal nature (Article 426 

of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation), therefore, any potential contractor is 

obliged to conclude it with any customer who has applied. 

For example, under a contract, the start and end time of work is also an 

essential condition (clause 1 of Article 708 of the Civil Code of the Russian 

Federation). This suggests that for a household contract, the start and end time of 

work is also an essential condition [19]. 

As a rule, the conclusion of contracts involves a written form. The exception 

is the conclusion of contracts in a simplified form – for example, the purchase of 

goods in a store. The documentary confirmation of the contract in this case is a 

receipt. 

In general, the question of whether any contract can be concluded orally is 

debatable to date. 

In particular, it is possible to open a bank account agreement "remotely", for 

example, by phone, however, as a rule, an electronic signature in the form of a 

login-password pair acts as an analogue of a signature in this case [20]. Thus, it 

seems that even in the conditions of digitalization, the form of concluding a 

contract is written. 

It can also be noted that contracts in which there is an inequality of the 

parties, and which, among other things, involve the involvement in property 

turnover of those things for which the right of private ownership cannot be 

formalized, for example, a water use agreement (one party is an authority), as well 

as a contract for the provision of services by a notary, due to the fact that the 

notary is not quite a private law institution. 

Some issues in the field of regulation of property turnover arise when the 

possibility of their involvement in property turnover is limited with respect to 

individual objects of property turnover. The most common example in practice is 

land plots. A land plot, as an object of land relations, on the basis of the Land Code 

of the Russian Federation No. 136-FZ dated 25.10.2001 (hereinafter referred to as 

the RF Land Code), is a part of the earth's surface, including a layer of soil, the 

boundaries of which are assessed and certified [21]. 

With this in mind, the transfer of the right to certain objects of property 

turnover (land plots, real estate objects) requires state registration, and for others, 

for example, in the case of the sale of household appliances, the corresponding 

registration is not performed. Registration is required for individual objects of