Правовое государство: теория и практика, 2020, № 3 (61)
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Теория права. Правоведение
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ПРАВОВОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВО: теория и практика № 3 (61) 2020
ПРАВОВОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВО: теория и практика 2 ISSN 2500-0217 ПРАВОВОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВО: теория и практика PRAVOVOE GOSUDARSTVO: teoriya i praktika THE RULE-OF-LAW STATE: theory and practice № 3 (61) 2020 Общественно-политический и научно-правовой журнал Издается с 2005 года Журнал выходит ежеквартально [12+] УДК 340.1+34(091)(05) ББК 67.0я5 РЕДАКЦИОННЫЙ СОВЕТ Научный руководитель: Раянов Фанис Мансурович – д.ю.н., профессор (ФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский госу- дарственный университет», г. Уфа) ЧЛЕНЫ РЕДАКЦИОННОГО СОВЕТА: Арзамаскин Николай Николаевич – д.ю.н, профессор (ФГБОУ ВО «Ульяновский государ- ственный университет», г. Ульяновск); Боголюбов Сергей Александрович – д.ю.н., профессор (Институт законодательства и сравнительного правоведения при Правительстве РФ, г. Москва); Еникеев Зуфар Иргалеевич – д.ю.н., профессор (Председатель Конституционного Суда Республики Башкортостан, г. Уфа); Зайнуллин Руслан Ильдарович – к.ю.н., доцент (ФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государствен- ный университет», г. Уфа); Леруа Кристоф – доктор права, профессор (Университет Перпеньян, Франция); Липинский Дмитрий Анатольевич – д.ю.н., профессор (Тольяттинский государствен- ный университет, г. Тольятти); Макаренко Илона Анатольевна – д.ю.н., профессор (председатель Центральной изби- рательной комиссии Республики Башкортостан, г. Уфа); Макарова Тамара Ивановна – д.ю.н., профессор (Белорусский государственный универ- ситет, г. Минск, Республика Беларусь); Нигматуллин Ришат Вахидович – д.ю.н., профессор (ФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государ- ственный университет», г. Уфа); Петров Александр Васильевич – д.ю.н., профессор (ФГАОУ ВО «Южно-Уральский государ- ственный университет», г. Челябинск ); Сальников Виктор Петрович – д.ю.н., профессор (главный редактор журнала «Юриди- ческая наука: история и современность», г. Санкт-Петербург); Семитко Алексей Павлович – д.ю.н., профессор (Гуманитарный университет, г. Екате- ринбург); Тлепина Шолпан Валерьевна – д.ю.н., профессор (Евразийский национальный универ- ситет им. Л.Н. Гумилева, г. Астана, Казахстан); Халиков Аслям Наилевич – д.ю.н., профессор (ФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный университет», г. Уфа); Шабуров Анатолий Степанович – д.ю.н., профессор (Уральский государственный юри- дический университет, г. Екатеринбург).
№ 3 (61) 2020 3 РЕДАКЦИОННАЯ КОЛЛЕГИЯ Главный редактор: Зайнуллин Руслан Ильдарович – кандидат юридических наук, доцент Зам. главного редактора: Анисимов Владимир Александрович – кандидат юридических наук, доцент Ответственный секретарь: Латыпова Наталия Сергеевна – кандидат юридических наук, доцент Члены редакционной коллегии: Азнагулова Гузель Мухаметовна – доктор юридических наук, доцент; Галиев Фарит Хатипович – доктор юридических наук, доцент; Гиззатуллин Равиль Хасанович – доктор юридических наук, доцент; Кархалев Денис Николаевич – доктор юридических наук, профессор; Касимов Тимур Салаватович – кандидат юридических наук, доцент; Эксархопуло Алексей Алексеевич – доктор юридических наук, профессор. УЧРЕДИТЕЛИ: ФГБОУ ВО «Башкирский государственный университет»; Учреждение «Научно-исследовательский институт проблем правового государства» Выпускающий редактор – А.Ф. Файзуллина Редактор англоязычных текстов – З.А. Юсупова Редактор электронной версии – З.Р. Гиниятова Почтовый адрес издательства и редакции: 450005, Республика Башкортостан, г. Уфа, ул. Достоевского, 131–319. ЖУРНАЛ ВКЛЮЧЕН: в Перечень ведущих рецензируемых научных журналов и изданий Высшей аттестационной комиссией (ВАК) при Министерстве образования и науки РФ, в которых должны быть опубликованы основные научные результаты диссертаций на соискание ученых степеней кандидата и доктора юридических наук; в Российский индекс научного цитирования (РИНЦ) и зарегистрирован в научной электронной библиотеке elibrary.ru; в базу Russian Science Citation Index (RSCI) на платформе Web of Science. ОСНОВНАЯ ТЕМАТИКА ЖУРНАЛА: теоретические вопросы формирования правового государства; правовое государство в системе естественно-исторических закономерностей развития общества; правовое государство в системе обществоведческих институтов; принципы правового государства и практика законодательства; правовая жизнь современных муниципалитетов; правовое государство в системе юридической науки.
ПРАВОВОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВО: теория и практика 4 ISSN 2500-0217 THE RULE-OF-LAW STATE: theory and practice № 3 (61) 2020 Socio-Political and Academic Law Journal Since 2005 The Journal is published quarterly [12+] УДК 340.1+34(091)(05) ББК 67.0я5 EDITORIAL COUNCIL Academic Supervisor: Fanis M. Rayanov – Doctor of Law, Professor (Bashkir State University, Ufa) EDITORIAL COUNCIL MEMBERS: Nikolai N. Arzamaskin –Doctor of Law, Professor (Ulyanovsk State University, Ulya- novsk); Sergej A. Bogoljubov – Doctor of Law, Professor (Institute of Legislation and Compar- ative Law under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow); Zufar I. Enikeev – Doctor of Law, Professor (Chairman of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Ufa); Ruslan I. Zainullin – Candidate of Sciences (Law), Associate Professor (Bashkir State University, Ufa); Christophe Leroy – Doctor of Law, Professor (Université de Perpignan, France); Dmitry A. Lipinskiy – Doctor of Law, Professor, (Togliatti State University); Ilona A. Makarenko – Doctor of Law, Professor (Bashkir State University, Ufa); Tamara I. Makarova – Doctor of Law, Professor (Belarusian State University, Minsk, Republic of Belarus); Rishat V. Nigmatullin – Doctor of Law, Professor (Bashkir State University, Ufa); Alexander V. Petrov – Doctor of Law, Professor (South Ural State University); Victor P. Salnikov –Doctor of Law, Professor (Editor-in-Chief of the Journal “Legal Science: History and Modernity”, St. Petersburg); Alexey P. Semitko – Doctor of Law, Professor (Liberal Arts University, Yekaterin- burg); Sholpan V. Tlepina – Doctor of Law, Professor (L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Kazakhstan); Aslyam N. Khalikov - Doctor of Law, Professor (Bashkir State University, Ufa); Anatoly S. Shaburov – Doctor of Law, Professor (Ural State Law University, Yekate- rinburg);
№ 3 (61) 2020 5 СОДЕРЖАНИЕ ОБЩЕТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ И ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ПРАВОВОГО ГОСУДАРСТВА J.A. Jellison- Hounkanrin Race, ethics and public policy 9 Khalikov A.N. Psychology of interest in social and legal relations 15 Горохова С.С. К вопросу о необходимости института правосубъект- ности искусственного интеллекта на современном эта- пе развития правового государства 23 Попова А.В. Этические принципы взаимодействия с искусственным интеллектом как основа правового регулирования 34 АКТУАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ РАЗВИТИЯ ОТРАСЛЕВОГО ЗАКОНОДАТЕЛЬСТВА Буньковский Д.В. Гайдай М.К. Сущность и значение «паблик рилейшнз» в деятельно- сти полиции 44 Куранов В.Г. Классификации юридически значимых сообщений в российском гражданском праве 54 Латыпова Н.С. Ямалетдинова Н.В. К вопросу о правовой природе коллизионного права 64 Малый А.Ф. Миграционная политика: законодательное воплощение и правореализация в России 73 Семенова Е.Ю. Якупова Р.Р. Проблемы применения понятия «рабочее время» по делам об увольнении за появление работника в состоянии алкогольного опьянения 83 Шувалов И.И. Нормы гражданского законодательства в регулирова- нии инвестиционной деятельности 90 ПРАВО ЗАРУБЕЖНЫХ СТРАН: ПРОБЛЕМЫ ТЕОРИИ И ПРАКТИКИ Tulupova E.O. Demidova T.K. Yusupova R.R. Some features of legal regulation of environmental rela- tions in Germany 100 Попова И.П. Иванова А.Л. Реализация принципа состязательности сторон на до- судебных стадиях уголовного судопроизводства в Рос- сийской Федерации и в зарубежных странах 108
ПРАВОВОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВО: теория и практика 6 МАТЕРИАЛЫ КОНФЕРЕНЦИИ, ПОСВЯЩЕННОЙ 15-ЛЕТНЕМУ ЮБИЛЕЮ ЖУРНАЛА «ПРАВОВОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВО: ТЕОРИЯ И ПРАКТИКА» Раянов Ф.М. Азы современного правового обществоведения и не переосмысленные наши прошлые ошибки 120 Березина Е.А. Правовые технологии и реализация идеи верховенства права 126 Еникеев Р.Н. Право и государство в их историческом соотношении 137 Сошникова И.В. Руколеев В.И. Шерпаев В.И. Правовое регулирование системы реабилитации детей, имеющих расстройство здоровья 143 Уматова Е.С. Государственно-правовое обеспечение продоволь- ственной безопасности в России 149 Шабуров А.С. Российская государственность и сложности в форми- ровании правового государства в нашей стране 153 Шерпаев В.И. Конституционная определенность в сфере укрепления обороноспособности в Российской Федерации 160 СТРАНИЦЫ ИСТОРИИ Нигматуллин Р.В. Памяти легендарного земляка Даяна Мурзина 165 ПЕРСОНАЛИИ Левушкин А.Н. Алборов С.В. Алексей Владимирович Барков: самобытный ученый, талантливый педагог и учитель, профессиональный коллега (к 60-летнему юбилею А.В. Баркова) 175 РЕЦЕНЗИИ Антонов И.А. Галиев Ф.Х. В едином понимании науки и практики. Председатель Следственного комитета Российской Федерации А.И. Бастрыкин и его соавторы выпустили значимую книгу по оперативно-розыскной деятельности. См.: Оперативно-розыскная деятельность. Научно- практический комментарий (постатейный) к Федеральному закону / А.И. Бастрыкин, В.М. Егоршин, С.И. Захарцев, Ю.Ю. Игнащенков, И.Н. Кондрат, Д.В. Ривман, В.П. Сальников, А.Г. Хабибулин, А.В. Шахматов; под общ. ред. А.И. Бастрыкина. М.: Юрлитинформ, 2020 183 К АВТОРАМ 197
№ 3 (61) 2020 7 CONTENTS GENERAL-PURPOSE AND HISTORICAL PROBLEMS OF THE FORMATION OF THE RULE-OF-LAW STATE J.A. Jellison- Hounkanrin Race, ethics and public policy 9 Khalikov A.N. Psychology of interest in social and legal relations 15 Gorokhova S.S. On the issue of the need for the institution of legal personali- ty of artificial intelligence at the present development stage of the rule-of-law state 23 Popova A.V. Ethical principles of interaction with artificial intelligence as a basis of legal regulation 34 TOPICAL ISSUES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF SECTORAL LEGISLATION Bunkovsky D.V Gaidai M.K The essence and significance of “public relations” in police activities 44 Kuranov V.G. Classifications of legal communication in Russian civil law 54 Latypova N.S. Yamaletdinova N.V. On the legal nature of law of conflict 64 Malyi A.F. Migration policy: legislative embodiment and legal implementation in Russia 73 Semenova E.Y. Yakupova R.R. Problems of applying the concept of working time in cases of dismissal for employee’s appearing under the influence of alcohol 83 Shuvalov I.I. Civil law provisions to regulate investment activities 90 LAW OF FOREIGN COUNTRIES: PROBLEMS OF THEORY AND PRACTICE Tulupova E.O. Demidova T.K. Yusupova R.R. Some features of legal regulation of environmental relations in Germany 100 Popova I.P. Ivanova A.L. The implementation of the adversarial principle At the pre-trial stages of criminal proceedings in the russian federation and in foreign countries 108
ПРАВОВОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВО: теория и практика 8 PROCEEDINGS OF THE CONFERENCE, DEDICATED TO THE 15th ANNIVERSARY OF THE JOURNAL “THE RULE-OF-LAW STATE: THEORY AND PRACTICE” Rayanov F.M. The fundamentals of modern legal social studies and our past not rethought errors 120 Berezina E.A. Legal technologies and the implementation Of the idea of the rule of law 126 Enikeev R.N. Law and state in their historical relationship 137 Soshnikova I.V. Rukoleev V.A. Sherpayev V.I. Legal regulation of the rehabilitation system for children with health disorder 143 Umatova E.S. State law protection of food security in Russia 149 Shaburov A.S. Russian statehood and difficulties in the formation of the rule-of-law state in our country 153 Sherpaev V.I. Constitutional definitiveness in the sphere of strengthening the defence capability of the Russian Federation 160 PAGES OF HISTORY Nigmatullin R.V. In memory of the legendary countryman Dayan Murzin 165 PERSONNEL Levushkin A.N. Alborov S.V. Alexey Vladimirovich Barkov: original scientist, talented educator and teacher, professional colleague (to the 60th anniversary of A.V. Barkov) 175 REVIEWS Antonov I.A. Galiev F.Kh. In a unified understanding of science and practice. Chairman of the Investigative Committee of the Russian Federation A.I. Bastrykin and his co-authors have published a significant book on law enforcement operations. See: Law Enforcement Operations. Scientific and practical commen- tary (article-by-article) on the Federal law / A.I. Bastrykin, V.M. Egorshin, S.I. Zakhartsev, Yu.Yu. Ignaschenkov, I.N. Kondrat, D.V. Rivman, V.P. Salnikov, A.G. Khabibulin, A.V. Chess; Under total. ed. A.I. Bastrykin. M. : Jurlitin- form, 2020 183 TO THE AUTHORS 197
№ 3 (61) 2020 9 ОБЩЕТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКИЕ И ИСТОРИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ПРАВОВОГО ГОСУДАРСТВА GENERAL-PURPOSE AND HISTORICAL PROBLEMS OF THE FORMATION OF THE RULE-OF-LAW STATE УДК 340.1 DOI: 10.33184/pravgos-2020.3.1 RACE, ETHICS AND PUBLIC POLICY Joyce Angela JELLISON-HOUNKANRIN Lawyer, PhD student of Capella University, New York, USA. Е-mail: joycehounkanrin@gmail.com There is reform and there is revolution. The fragility of Black lives in white spaces is long overdue for both reformation and revolution within the criminal justice organizational model. It is with particular urgency that current litigation within the Department of Justice be examined as it is an example of latent re- sponses of American government to societal fracture and potential policy re- form. There is no more representation of the fragility of Black lives in white spaces than American prison systems and relative to this; sentencing policies that disproportionally affect Blacks. This paper is drawn from deontological ethics, holding that human rights are a moral obligation that should not be ex- cluded in the formation of public policy or the application of justice. It is a fur- ther suggestion that within reforms are potentials for revolutions. Salient ques- tions proposed by this research are there accommodation for healing within structurally racist systems. Is reform enough or is there cause for revolutionary actions? The Department of Justice has launched an investigation into an alarming string of deaths within the Mississippi Department of Corrections. This paper will examine potential public policy changes that may emerge from that investigation as well as societal responses. Additionally, this paper is drawn from deontological ethics, holding that human rights are a moral obliga- tion that should not be excluded in the formation of public policy or the appli- cation of justice. Key words: race; ethics; public policy; Black lives; American government; investigation; revolution. Mass Incarceration in American Prisons and the advancement of Retributive Justice As much as the term mass incarceration has become integrated into eve- ryday lexicon, according to researchers it was first used by “specialists in the field of punishment and society to describe tremendous changes in the scale of
ПРАВОВОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВО: теория и практика 10 incarceration that began in the 1970s and became visible to readers of impris- onment charts by the middle 1980s” (Simon, 2014). These same specialists voiced a myriad of concerns as the numbers of incarcerated Americans soared, namely the identified issues and criticisms were centered around; racial dispro- portionately; high collateral costs to the communities of highest incarceration (Simon, 2014). The framework of the American prison is centered on retributive jus- tice; however within this centering are salient questions of equitable distribu- tion of retributive justice and race. Questioning the intersections of race, justice and retribution are necessary as the United States is the world’s leader in pun- ishment, boasting a 2.2 million prison population (Materni, 2013). Scholars have longed questioned is there justice in punishment? The answer was per- haps best answered by the late Supreme Court Justice Anthony Scalia, who remarked during Oral Argument for Miller v. Alabama, “Well, I thought that modern penology has abandoned that rehabilitation thing, and they – they no longer call prisons reformatories or – or whatever, and punishment is the – is the criterion now. Deserved punishment for crime” (Materni, 2013). What is revealed in Scalia’s remarks is there is no space within retribu- tive punishment for healing or reform; mostly certainly this lack of accommo- dation for healing is not made in policy considerations or legislative actions. What space is made available for humanity to receive full bodied justice? Bet- ter explained beyond retribution what is there that exists for individuals in the American prison system. Prison is a micro society reflecting on a smaller scale, the society indi- viduals have been subtracted from – within the space they now reside, they play out in smaller patterns the complexities of larger society complete with its push and pulls of humanity; never subtracted from the multifariousness of liv- ing is the need for justice. Therefore, it is reasonable to then ask if there is no reformation is this justice. Scholars have reasonably proposed salient questions of why should there be concerned of applications of justice for those who are incarcerated. The answers are embedded in who is the majority population within American prisons and the communities that are fractured as result of these imprisonments. At least one article finds weight in how individuals are sentenced, but does not engage in the discussion of how these contribute to in- equitable distributions of justice and the advancement of retribution in the place of actual justice (Materni, 2013). Death in Missippi and Institutionalized Racism as Public Policy The Department of Justice announced on February 5, 2020, that is inves- tigating the conditions of four Missippi Prisons. The investigation will examine conditions at the Mississippi State Penitentiary (Parchman), Southern Mississip- pi Correctional Institute, Central Mississippi Correctional Facility, and the Wil- kinson County Correctional Facility. The State of Mississippi is responsible for
№ 3 (61) 2020 11 all four facilities. According to a DOJ statement, the decision was made to inves- tigate whether the Mississippi Department of Corrections adequately protects prisoners from physical harm at the hands of other prisoners at the four prisons, as well as whether there is adequate suicide prevention, including adequate men- tal health care and appropriate use of isolation, at Parchman. The human rights violations within the Mississippi Department of Cor- rections are not isolated and speak to broader implications of public policy and institutionalized racism. Department of Justice investigations are not reform or revolutionary, they are reactionary and a response to wrong doing. Institutional racism is described as a barrier to access, if applied to those individuals who are within the criminal justice organization model – it is a barrier to access to full-bodied justice, institutional racism is in service to disadvantage blacks in America. Mass incarceration and retribution has been the most effective tool of destabilization and devaluation of Black lives in America after slavery. Institutionalized racism “It is a term encompassing the, often uninten- tional, barriers and selection/promotion procedures which serve to disad- vantage members of ethnic minority groups”, (Ward, 2016) at least one defini- tion is extended further to include indirect or institutional racism and asserts that institutionalized racism is “is virtually unrecognized by organizations but is an extremely contentious issue in the public sector” (Braham et al as cited in Ward, 2016). Retributive justice is in service to white American interests, as well as institutionalized racism – it matters not if the retribution is meted out in inequitable portions, one quite literally is in service to the other. Racism is woven into the fabric of American life, its normalization would then be likely be present in public policy, it is quite literally impossible in any corner of America. Ward (2016) citing, Dominelli (2002, 157) writes, that it is “often the veiled presence of racism in everyday activities which coincides with the failure to make connections between the various incarnations of rac- ism.” Extracting racism from public policy would require a revolution of societal norms. Public policy responds to the white majority in American culture and has traditionally marginalized Black people. Marginalization is oppression and vio- lence. Research supports that oppression fragments the individual American ex- perience (Dominelli, 2002) this fragmentation leaves individuals “without alter- natives or incapable of taking action to change his or her situation” (Dominelli, 2002). Therefore, it is surmised this oppression and fragmentation works as an effective stratagem towards making Blacks physically and emotionally unavaila- ble to active participants in the policy formation processes. When individuals come together in groups, they reverse this process (Dominelli, 2002). DOJ re- sponses to injustice is not necessarily a reversal of injustice, or change in policy. Retributive justice remains intact even when under litigation – the policy is not unraveled, because it is the product of societal demand.
ПРАВОВОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВО: теория и практика 12 Policy analysis is purposely ignorant of race and inequality. Myers (2002) writes that issues of significance have escaped the policy analysis com- munity and suggests, “The tools and techniques of modern policy analysis- particularly those that emphasize the tension between equity and efficiency- certainly ought to be of use in finding solutions to nagging problems confronting communities of color” (Myers, 2002). The root of the problem is white suprema- cy and imperialism operating within the educational discipline of policy analysts. The Costs of Racism and Policy Formation What is most perplexing about policy analysis, is there not a solid defi- nition of policy. This is a direct hit to understanding how policy is then formed if it essentially escapes definition, it is open to constant defining by a myriad of individuals who will consistently find reason to not involve in the necessity of race to be included. “Economists who teach policy analysis often have a pro- pensity to think of the subject as the application of quantitative or microeco- nomic tools to the investigation of public policy problems. Political scientists tend to have a broader view of what constitutes policy analysis” (Myers, 2002). Myers writes that his students are disinterested in economic analysis of policy formation, rather they “are primarily interested in resolving perplexing social problems that arise from the involvement of public agencies, bureaucra- cies, and public decision making mechanisms and from the nature of the policy issue itself” (Myers, 2002). Myers writes that many quantitative skills are taught in policy analyst courses and there is a focus on efficiency, he asserts this efficiency criterion is often at odds with “alternative criteria that do and must enter into the political decision making process” (Myers, 2002). Myers further asserts there is an evident tension within the discipline; the strain exists between equity and cost-efficiency and the inherent trade-offs between the two (Myers, 2002). Myers gives salient examples of policy trade-offs that have failed to benefit stakeholders who have not been considered by analysts because of the focus on efficiency, “Transportation policies that seek to impose congestion taxes on drivers inherently disadvantage those whose income is low or who must use public transportation (Myers, Chung, and Saunders, 2001; Myers and Saunders, 1996). Environmental policies that seek to reduce pollution often pit gainers in some industries against losers in other industries” (Myers, 2022). It is not difficult to draw parallels between prison policies that are short on protections for human rights and further devalue Black lives, particularly when there is evidentiary support for a on focus cost-efficiency in the decision making process. There is no escaping an income analysis and the reality that even justice is an allocated resource in America, “Analysis of income-transfer policies typically confronts the tensions between efficiency and equity.4 Indeed, one could argue that the tension between equity and efficiency is characteristic of virtually every resource allocation dilemma confronted by modern policy
№ 3 (61) 2020 13 analysis” (Myers, 2022). Given that Black Americans are marginalized in every aspect of their lives and systematically denied resources that will increases their capacity to enjoy full participation in their American experiences; justice is yet another resource in which they receive in limited and adulterated portions. Myers writes that microeconomic analysis is a strength in policy analy- sis as it provides an ability to make tensions and trade-offs explicit “in order to make policymaking and the advice to policymakers more effective and useful” (Myers, 2002). Ethics, Race and Justice A salient question relative to ethics is who bears the responsibility for justice? It is proposed that justice is an emotion, it is a cognitive process, how- ever procedural justice an arguably fungible good within the criminal justice system; it has been exchanged at the expense of Black lives and humanity. This is the ethical crossroads of the DOJ investigation and Missippii Department of Correction; litigation is neither reform nor revolution – it is reactionary and evidence of continued ethical failure of the criminal justice system to support the lives of Blacks. Jonathan Wolff in his seminal work, Ethic and Public Policy: A Philo- sophical Inquiry (2011) aimed to show there is definitive place within public policy for philosophy; more poignant is that Wolff presents an argument that philosophy can benefit from its interactions with public policy “Wolff argues that philosophical reasoning can contribute to the resolution of controversial public policy matters and that philosophers' interactions with the public policy world can improve how philosophy is done” (Vladman, 2013). Sustaining his arguments Wolff provides evidentiary support by begin- ning each chapter of book with various interactions of public policy and phi- losophy; “There is a chapter on animal experimentation, gambling, drugs, safe- ty, crime and punishment, health, disability, and the free market. Each chapter surveys the current state of philosophical debate, describes recent movements on the public policy front, and suggests ways that philosophical reasoning can make a contribution” (Vladman, 2013). Little writes in Ethics, Economics, and Politics; Principles of Public Policy (2002) what is right is a necessary discussion, “People create and ac- quire rights as parts of the process of socialization. It is a convention that promises create both duties and rights.” If Little is correct, then America has broken a promise to Black Americans; all men are created equal according to the language within the United State Constitution. The treatment of Blacks within the criminal justice organizational model is a gross ethical abrasion and an egregious breach of contract. Any litigation by the DOJ is reactionary and not reformative or revolutionary. Little writes the state acquires duties and rights conventionally, and “that have 100 years many states have acquired a right to enact redistributive
ПРАВОВОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВО: теория и практика 14 taxation that has become part of the moral ethos that regulate society” The moral ethos of America reflect that of the ruling, dominant class – whites. This same group shapes public policy which advances the rule of the state – if the ethics of the state are utilitarian/consequential then it is a direct reflection of desires of society. References 1. Dominelli L., Campling J. (2002) Anti-Oppressive Practice in Action. In: Campling J. (eds) Anti-Oppressive Social Work Theory and Practice. Palgrave, London 2. Little I.M.D. (2002). Ethics. economics, and politics: principles of public policy. Oxford Scholarship Online. DOI: 10.1093/0199257043.001.0001. 3. Materni M. J. (2013). Crime punishment and the pursuit of justice. Harvard Law School. 4. Myers S. (2002). Presidential address-analysis of race as policy analysis. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, Vol. 21, No. 2. 5. Simon J. (2014). Mass incarceration on trial. a remarkable court decision and the future of prisons in america. The New Press. 6. Ward J. (2016). Institutional racism and the public sector. Global Encyl- copedia of Public Adminstration, Public Policy and Governance. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31816-5_2336-1. 7. Vladman M. (2013). Jonathan wolff, ethics and public policy: a philosophi- cal inquiry. Routledge Press. Received: 02.08.2020 DOI: 10.33184/pravgos-2020.3.1 РАСОВАЯ ПРИНАДЛЕЖНОСТЬ, ЭТИЧНОСТЬ И ГОСУДАРСТВЕННАЯ ПОЛИТИКА ДЖЕЛЛИСОН-ХАУНКАНРИН Джойс Анджела адвокат, аспирант Университета Капелла, Нью-Йорк, США. Е-mail: joycehounkanrin@gmail.com Существуют реформы, и существуют революции. Проблема уязвимости жизни чернокожих среди белокожих людей давно назрела в качестве ос- нования и для реформирования и для революционной реорганизации си- стемы уголовного правосудия. В кратчайшие сроки необходимо рассмот- реть текущее судопроизводство в Министерстве юстиции, поскольку оно служит примером скрытых ответных мер американского правительства на раскол общества и потенциальные политические реформы. Нет более по- казательного примера уязвимости жизни чернокожих среди белых, чем в