Английский язык: устная и письменная речь

МИНИСТЕРСТВО НАУКИ И ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ 
РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

УРАЛЬСКИЙ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ
ИМЕНИ ПЕРВОГО ПРЕЗИДЕНТА РОССИИ Б. Н. ЕЛЬЦИНА

М. И. Михайлова, Е. В. Ларцева

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК:
УСТНАЯ И ПИСЬМЕННАЯ РЕЧЬ

Практикум

Рекомендовано методическим советом
Уральского федерального университета для студентов вуза,
обучающихся по направлениям подготовки 45.03.01 «Филология»,
45.03.03 «Фундаментальная и прикладная лингвистика»

2-е издание, стереотипное

Москва
Издательство «ФЛИНТА»
Издательство Уральского университета
2022

УДК 811.111’37(076)  
ББК 81.432.1-933

 М69

В практикуме разрабатывается два тематических раздела: «Лондон и его
достопримечательности» и «Жилищные условия в Великобритании и России».
Каждый из 18 уроков состоит из оригинальных текстов и диалогов с упражнениями для аудиторной и самостоятельной работы. Дополнением к урокам являются видеоматериалы с разработанными к ним заданиями.
Для студентов бакалавриата 1 курса направлений «Фундаментальная
и прикладная лингвистика» и «Филология» (программа «Современные иностранные языки и литература»).

Михайлова М. И.
Английский язык: устная и письменная речь : 
практикум / М. И. Михайлова, Е. В. Ларцева. – 2-е изд., 
стер. – Москва : ФЛИНТА : Изд-во Урал. ун-та, 2022. – 
120 с. : ил. – ISBN  978-5-9765-5012-4 (ФЛИНТА) ; ISBN  
978-5-7996-3040-9 
(Изд-во 
Урал. 
ун-та). 
– 
Текст 
: 
электронный.

М69

ISBN 978-5-9765-5012-4 (ФЛИНТА)
ISBN 978-5-7996-3040-9  (Изд-во Урал. ун-та)

Р е ц е н з е н т ы:
кафедра иностранных языков
Костанайского государственного университета
(заведующий кафедрой кандидат филологических наук О. А. Радчук);
В. В. Гузикова, кандидат филологических наук,
доцент кафедры иностранных языков
Уральского юридического института МВД России

© Уральский федеральный 
университет, 2020

УДК 811.111’37(076)  
ББК  81.432.1-933

ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ

Предисловие ............................................................................................................ 4

Unit 1. Introduction to Great Britain ...................................................................... 6

Unit 2. The English: Arrogant and Unfriendly ..................................................... 10

Unit 3. The Englishness of England ..................................................................... 13

Unit 4. London ........................................................................................................ 16

Unit 5. The City of London ................................................................................... 26

Unit 6. Getting Around in Great Britain ............................................................... 35

Unit 7. Buckingham Palace ................................................................................... 49

Unit 8. The Tower of London ............................................................................... 54

Unit 9. St. Paul’s Cathedral and Westminster Abbey ......................................... 62

Unit 10. British Castles .......................................................................................... 72

Unit 11. Introduction to Housing in Great Britain .............................................. 78

Unit 12. Types of Houses in Great Britain ........................................................... 84

Unit 13. Private Property and Public Property .................................................... 94

Unit 14. The Importance of  ‘Home’ ...................................................................... 96

Unit 15. Individuality and Conformity ................................................................ 101

Unit 16. Interiors: The Importance of Cosiness ................................................. 105

Unit 17. Homelessness .......................................................................................... 111

Unit 18. Russian and British Home Life .............................................................. 115

ПРЕДИСЛОВИЕ

Настоящий практикум предназначен для студентов 1 курса, обу
чающихся по направлениям «Фундаментальная и прикладная лингвистика» и «Филология» (программа «Современные иностранные
языки и литература»), и рассчитан на семестр аудиторной и внеклассной работы.

Цель практикума состоит в развитии всех видов речевой дея
тельности студентов – говорения, чтения, письма и аудирования.

Особенностью дисциплины «Практика устной и письменной

речи» является не только направленность на формирование у студентов коммуникативной компетенции и овладение навыками
и умениями иноязычного речемышления, но и расширение общего
кругозора и обогащение страноведческих знаний о стране изучаемого языка. В предлагаемом практикуме разрабатывается два тематических раздела: «Лондон и его достопримечательности» и «Жилищные условия в Великобритании и России».

Материалом служат оригинальные тексты на современные

и традиционные темы, подобранные из учебных пособий по чтению, сборников текстов, монографий, периодики, а также наработки из многолетнего опыта преподавания дисциплины авторами
практикума и их коллегами на кафедре германской филологии.

Ядром каждого урока являются один или несколько текстов,

объединенных одной темой. Соответствующие комплексы упражнений (вопросно-ответные задания, задания на перевод предложений
с использованием ключевой лексики, упражнения на стимулирование устного и письменного связного высказывания, фонетические
задания) обеспечивают формирование лексико-грамматических
речевых навыков.

В ряде случаев для разбора и анализа студентам предлагают
ся диалоги. Основной критерий отбора текстов и диалогов – наличие лингвострановедческого материала, позволяющего расширить

знания о Великобритании, а также тематической лексики, необходимой для описания изучаемых явлений, построения полновесных,
хорошо аргументированных монологических высказываний по конкретной теме.

Дополнением к некоторым урокам служат аутентичные видео
материалы страноведческого характера, которые не только способствуют формированию аудитивной компетенции учащихся, но
и повышают мотивацию обучения, делают процесс усвоения иноязычного материала более живым, интересным и эмоциональным.
Все видеофильмы сопровождаются упражнениями: заданиями
«перед просмотром» (позволяющими преодолеть возможные языковые и межкультурные трудности, настраивающими студентов
на определенные ожидания) и заданиями «после просмотра» (обеспечивающими контроль правильного понимания услышанного
и направленными на активизацию языкового материала).

Структура практикума отвечает дидактическим и методичес
ким требованиями преподавания учебной дисциплины.

Unit  1

INTRODUCTION  TO  GREAT  BRITAIN

I. Read and translate the following text, write out the new words

and memorize them.

Great Britain is made up of four countries: England, Scotland, Wales

and Northern Ireland. It is a group of islands off the north-west coast
of Europe. It is called the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland. The capital is London.

How the land lies
There are many different landscapes in Britain: from high mountains

to rolling hills and valleys. Places like Wales, the Lake District and
northwest Scotland have high mountains and steep solid rock slopes.

Great Britain is completely surrounded by seas, being thus isolated

from the rest of Europe. No part of Britain is far from the sea, which
is an important resource for fishing and tourism.

Rain or shine
Great Britain has quite cool summers and mild winters. The weather

changes from day to day and during the day. The climate is temperate,
the country does not have long periods when it is cold or hot.

Britain’s climate is getting warmer. Average temperatures have risen

half a degree Celsius since 1850. This is enough to start the polar ice caps
thawing. If the ice caps continue to thaw, large areas of southern and
eastern England will be permanently flooded.

The mean annual temperature ranges between 11.1 °C in the south

and 8.9 °C in the northeast. Fogs, mists and overcast skies are frequent,
particularly in the inland regions.

Politically minded
Britain is a constitutional monarchy. The queen is the head of the state

but politics are controlled by Parliament. There are two houses of Parliament:

The House of Commons who are elected by the public and the House
of Lords made up of peers.

The political party system has existed since the 17th century. The main

British political parties are Labour, Conservative and Liberal Democratic.
There are also Welsh and Scottish parties who seek separation from
England.

The majority party forms His or Her Majesty’s Government, and

the second party is officially known as His or Her Majesty’s Own Loyal
Opposition. The opposition leader is paid a salary from public funds
for that role.

In Gods we trust
The Church of England has the most members – 54 %, in Great

Britain. Most members, however, live in England. The second biggest
religion is the Roman Catholic Church – 13 %. Catholics are spread
throughout the country. Other religions include Protestantism, Islam,
Judaism, Hinduism and Sikhism.

Economy: pitfalls and hopes
Britain has a long history as a great and powerful country. During

the 18th century Britain gained an empire by colonizing parts of North America,
Africa, Asia, all of Australia and New Zealand. By the 19th century,
England was bringing back much wealth from these colonies. The trade
in slaves and other goods from the colonies supplied the money to build
the factories and machines of Britain’s Industrial Revolution. The country
developed heavy industries like coal mining, iron and steel manufacturing,
engineering and shipbuilding.

However in the 20th century, other countries began to compete with

Britain in the overseas markets. Besides, from the 1950s on, many former
British colonies in Africa and Asia became independent, thus affecting
Britain’s imports and exports. All over Britain factories and businesses
closed. By the 1990s the worst of the decline had already been over and
Britain began to concentrate on the new hi-tech and service industries.

In the last 30 years, micro-electronics has become one of the fastest

growing sectors of the British industry. It is a new phase of industrial
growth which scientists call re-industrialization. The future for Britain

as a manufacturing nation looks good and it depends on whether it can
develop and specialize in hi-tech industries such as aerospace, computers,
electronics, telecommunications and biotechnology.

II. Answer the following questions.
1. Where is Great Britain geographically?
2. Where is London, the capital?
3. What part of Great Britain do Scotland, Wales and England make up?
4. What part of Ireland does Ulster make up?
5. What kind of climate does Great Britain have? Why can we call

it maritime?

6. Are overcast skies a frequent occurrence in Great Britain? Why?
7. What makes the climate of Great Britain warmer than in other

countries on the continent?

8. What body rules the country?
9. What can you say about the House of Lords?
10. What can you say about the House of Commons?
11. People of what faiths can we find in Great Britain?
12. How can we explain the fact that Islam, Hinduism and Sikhism

are to be found in a traditionally Christian country like Great Britain?

13. How did the fact that Britain had a great number of colonies

affect its economy in the 19th century?

14. What happened to the British colonies in the middle of the

20th century?

15. What has Britain done with its economy in the last 30 years?
16. What is Britain specializing in now?

III. Write the transcription of the following words.
Isolated, temperate, Celsius, southern, Protestantism, Judaism,

Hinduism, Sikhism, Catholic (Catholicism).

IV. Find English equivalents to the following Russian words and

phrases in the text.

Состоять из, ландшафт, окруженный, остальная часть, довольно
таки прохладный, мягкий климат, средний, таять, постоянно, колебаться между, затянутый облаками, в частности, ежегодный,

отделение от, партия большинства, по всей стране, поставлять,
кораблестроение, товары, спад в производстве.

V. Compare Great Britain and Russia in the following spheres.

Give your stories.

Geographical location, national composition, distances between

destinations, weather and climate, political system, variety of religions,
Russia and Britain as former empires, the economic situation today.

Unit  2

THE  ENGLISH: ARROGANT  AND  UNFRIENDLY

I. Read the following text, translate it, write out the new words

and memorize them.

Tourists love the British Royal family, their ancient traditions and

historic buildings. But if there is one thing the foreign tourist does
not like, it is the character of the British people.

Up to 1,000 respondents from 35 different nations were asked to rate

Britain and the British in terms of 16 different categories which included,
among others, historical legacy, scenic beauty and vibrancy. Research
found that visitors listed Britain a poor 16th place on the list of countries
likely to offer the most friendly welcome.

According to VisitBritain, the organization responsible for promoting

Britain overseas in the eyes of the world, the British people – and
in particular the English – are arrogant, unfriendly and have almost no
sense of humour. And it is some of their nearest neighbours who are
particularly critical about their national character.

Despite their close proximity, the French had particular problems

with the English and were the least likely to visit the United Kingdom.
“The French do not believe they would receive a warm welcome if they
visited the UK,” the report revealed.

Perhaps not surprisingly, countries with a history of political conflict

with Britain were particularly skeptical. German respondents believed
that only the Russians were less friendly than the British. Argentina,
meanwhile, ranked Britain 31st in terms of friendliness.

Many of the respondents were similarly unimpressed by Britain’s

system of government and its foreign policy. Support for America has
done serious harm to Britain’s reputation.

Nevertheless, despite the poor image, Britain remains the sixth

most popular destination for tourists around the world (behind France,

Spain, the United States, China and Italy). And, according to VisitBritain,
the English-speaking nations such as the USA, Canada, Australia and
New Zealand still perceive the British to be welcoming.

Britain also scored highly in terms of its cultural history and archi
tectural legacy, as well as being an interesting place for contemporary
culture. But there was, however, a lack of appreciation for the country’s
scenic beauty. Britain only came 19th in the rankings for scenery and
landscape.

The British sense of humour received the lowest scores. Italians,

for example, rated them the second least funny people in the world. But
the British themselves believe their sense of humour is the national asset,
which, among other things, makes Britain such a unique destination.

II. Answer the following questions to the text.
1. What do tourists love in Britain and what don’t they like?
2. Do you agree with what the text says in the first paragraph?
3. What would you say about Britain’s historical legacy?
4. Why, do you think, the nations closest to Britain geographically

are particularly critical of them?

5. Do you know anything about the history of relations between

Britain and France?

6. Do you agree with the British that the best form of government

is a constitutional monarchy?

7. Would you call the whole set-up “the Royal soap opera”?
8. What makes the USA and Britain close?
9. Who are the English-speaking nations in the world and what made

them so?

10. Do you agree that Britain has a rich cultural and architectural

legacy?

11. Do you know anything about the British sense of humour?
12. How would you rate Britain as a tourist destination?

III. Write the transcription of the following words.
Ancient, respondent, legacy, scenic, vibrancy, research (noun),

nation/national.