Английский язык

Е. Н. МОРОЗОВА 

 
 
 

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК 

 
 

 

Учебное пособие  

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Йошкар-Ола 

2017 

УДК 811.111 (075) 
ББК  81.2.Англ.я7 

М 80 

 
 

Рецензенты:  

 

кандидат педагогических наук, доцент ПГТУ Ж. О. Кузьминых; 

 

кандидат философских наук, доцент ПГТУ Т. М. Лежнина 

 

 
 
 
                Печатается по решению 
редакционно-издательского совета ПГТУ 

 
 
 
 
 

Морозова, Е. Н. 

М 80       Английский язык: учебное пособие / Е. Н. Морозова. – 

Йошкар-Ола: Поволжский государственный технологический 
университет, 2017. –  92 с. 
ISBN 978-5-8158-1930-6 

 

В учебном пособии представлены задания по основным темам 

грамматики английского языка, а также теоретический материал в форме 
таблиц и словарь профессиональной лексики. 

Для студентов направлений подготовки 20.03.01 «Техносферная 

безопасность», 20.03.02 «Природообустройство и водопользование», 
21.03.02 «Землеустройство и кадастры». 

 

УДК 811.111 (075) 
ББК  81.2.Англ.я7 

 
 
 
 
 

ISBN 978-5-8158-1930-6 
© Морозова Е.Н., 2017 
© Поволжский государственный 
технологический университет, 2017 

 

ОГЛАВЛЕНИЕ 

 
Введение ........................................................................................................ 4 

1. Имя существительное ....................................................................... 5 

2. Глагол to be и оборот there + to be в Simple Active ........................ 8 

3. Повелительное наклонение глагола ............................................... 12 

4. Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий ............................ 14 

5. Местоимения .................................................................................... 19 

6. Активный залог ................................................................................ 23 

7. Страдательный залог ....................................................................... 30 

8. Модальные глаголы ......................................................................... 37 

9. Согласование времен. Косвенная речь .......................................... 42 

10. Условные предложения ................................................................ 45 

11. Причастие ....................................................................................... 48 

12. Инфинитив ..................................................................................... 51 

13. Герундий ........................................................................................ 55 

14. Словообразование ......................................................................... 58 

Приложение 1. Грамматические таблицы ................................................ 60 

Приложение 2. Словарь профессиональной лексики .............................. 81 

Список литературы ..................................................................................... 90 
 

ВВЕДЕНИЕ 

 
Предлагаемое издание призвано помочь студентам направлений 

20.03.01 «Техносферная безопасность», 20.03.02 «Природообустройство 
и водопользование», 21.03.02 «Землеустройство и кадастры» в 
овладении грамматикой английского языка на основе заданий, 
содержащих профессиональную лексику.  

Пособие состоит из 14 разделов, в которые включены упражнения 

по основным темам грамматики английского языка, подлежащим 
усвоению 
в 
курсе 
иностранного 
языка 
в 
неязыковом 
вузе: 

множественное число имен существительных, степени сравнения 
прилагательных и наречий, местоимения, видовременные формы 
глагола, страдательный залог, модальные глаголы, согласование времен 
и косвенная речь, условные предложения, неличные формы глаголов, 
словообразование.  

В приложении 1 приводятся грамматические таблицы, где в сжатом 

схематическом виде представлена сущность грамматических явлений, 
даются основные опорные структуры. В приложении 2 представлена 
профессиональная лексика, где приведены термины, встречающиеся в 
упражнениях.  

При работе с каждым разделом преподавателю рекомендуется в 

первую очередь ознакомить студентов с соответствующей грамматической таблицей в приложении 1. Затем следует перейти к 
выполнению заданий, пользуясь словарем профессиональной лексики, 
данным в приложении 2.  

Апробация материала, представленного в данном пособии, на 1 

курсе института строительства и архитектуры ПГТУ показала 
эффективность его применения в учебном процессе. С помощью 
настоящего сборника студенты не только овладевают грамматикой 
английского языка, но и учатся легко распознавать грамматические 
явления в профессионально ориентированных текстах. Повторяющиеся 
в разных упражнениях и разделах книги лексические единицы 
способствуют их быстрому усвоению обучаемыми, что приводит к 
накоплению значительного словарного запаса по специальности и его 
расширению.  

Сборник может применяться на различных этапах преподавания 

английского языка студентам 1 курса очной и заочной форм обучения. 

1. ИМЯ СУЩЕСТВИТЕЛЬНОЕ 

 
1.1 Образуйте форму множественного числа имен существительных 

river, ecologist, environment, half, foot, journey, resource, species, climate, 
man, habitat, child, whale, animal, fish, butterfly, tooth, ox, system, woman, 
boot, shelf, factor, predator, formula, condition, hazard, datum, family, bus, 
discovery, photo, quantity, fox, knife, sheep, cliff, body, phenomenon, forest, 
bridge, edge, ecosystem, kangaroo, sportsman, leaf, goose, deer, mouth, 
watershed, crisis, community, basis, leaf, science, bay 
 
1.2 Измените предложения, употребляя имена существительные во 
множественном числе. Внесите необходимые изменения 

Образец:  
This is a tree. – These are trees. 

 
 
That is a map. – Those are maps. 

1.
This is an animal.
9.
That is a nutrient.

2.
This is a man.
10.
That is a plant.

3.
This is a watershed.
11.
That is a land use planner.

4.
This is an ecotone.
12.
That is a stream.

5.
This is a trap.
13.
That is a land surveyor.

6.
This is an engineer.
14.
That is a scientist.

7.
This is a marsh.
15.
That is a biome.

8.
This is a lake.
16.
That is a swamp.

 
1.3 Переведите предложения 

1.
This man is an ecologist. 
7.
That forest is too dense.

2.
This map is very large.
8.
That mine is very deep.

3.
This bird is extinct. 
9.
That river is swallow.

4.
These habitats are polluted.
10.
Those streams are very swift.

5.
These environmentalists are 
rather experienced.

11.
Those wetlands are vital for 
some species.

6.
These 
marshes 
are 
very 

dangerous.

12.
Those 
women 
are 
land 

surveyors.

 
1.4 Переведите словосочетания, обращая внимание на имена 
существительные в притяжательном падеже 

that lake’s ecosystem; the world’s species; the Earth’s polar regions; this 
river’s degradation; the man’s ignorance of nature; the Earth’s surface; the 
man’s effects on nature; Moscow’s parks; the city’s wastewater treatment 

facilities; St. Petersburg’s water supply; the Volga’s biodiversity; 
Novosibirsk’s big factories; the countries’ waste disposal; these occupational 
safety engineers’ surveys; the city’s groundwater; the engineer’s calculations; 
today's pollution; the Earth’s atmosphere; those land surveyors’ research; 
Britain’s natural resources; the Moon’s actual surface temperature; the 
world’s deserts; the Sun’s energy; the parasites’ activity; these land use 
planners’ maps; those fire-fighters’ tools, engineer’s levels 
 
1.5 Переведите словосочетания, обращая внимание на конструкцию 
существительное+of+существительное 

the average temperature of the world, descriptive studies of plants and 
animals, Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution, the extinction of common 
species, the abuse of chemicals, the modern definition of ecology, the 
abundance of living organisms, the sum of abiotic factors, the organized 
activity of a species, the consequences of environmental changes, the survival 
of the species, the interaction of living systems, the outer layer of the Earth, 
inhabitants of the biosphere, the diversification of terrestrial species, the 
conservation of the environment, fundamental principles of ecology, great 
quantities of elements, aims of environmentalism 
 
1.6 Переведите следующие сложные существительные 

a) conservation movement, nature study, ecosystem ecology, surface layer, 
landscape ecology, sea level, ozone layer, energy sources, sewage treatment, 
waste reduction, pollution prevention, wastewater treatment, air quality 
management, noise pollution, sewerage system, wind power, food chains, life 
processes, plant growth, waste products, habitat destruction, land use 
management, environmental impact assessment and mitigation, water vapour, 
air pressure, safety glasses 
 
b) ozone depletion – ozone depletion problem; public health – public health 
issues; water supply – water supply system; forest fires – forest fires 
prevention; waste disposal – waste disposal project; noise level – noise level 
reduction; water pollution – water pollution research – water pollution 
research results; automobile exhausts – automobile exhausts reduction – 
automobile exhausts reduction problem; disaster management – disaster 
management measures; fossil fuel – fossil fuel combustion; air pollution – air 
pollution control; waste water – waste water management – waste water 
management studies; industrial waste water treatment systems – industrial 
waste water treatment system construction project 

1.7 Выберите правильный вариант 

1. Good news ____ (make / makes) ecologists happy. 
2. Your scissors ____ (is / are) too sharp. 
3. This money ____ (belong / belongs) to the state. 
4. The land use planner gave me some good ____ (advice / advices). 
5. Aerobics ____  (is / are) my favourite sport. 
6. The poor in New York ____  (live / lives) not so bad. 
7. The police ____ (is / are) investigating the case. 
8. Scientists say that thirty degrees ____  (is / are) the best temperature for 

this process. 

9. What time____  (is / are) the news on television? 
10. Occupational safety and health ____ (is / are) a branch of science. 
11. His knowledge in Ecology ____  (is / are) meagre. 
12. Physics ____ (is / are) a very difficult subject. 
13. Can I borrow your safety glasses? Mine ____ (have / has) been lost. 

2. ГЛАГОЛ to be И ОБОРОТ there + to be  

В SIMPLE ACTIVE 

 
2.1 Заполните пропуски соответствующей формой глагола to be в 
Present Simple Tense. Ответьте на вопросы 

1. What ___ your name? 
2. What ____ you? 
3. Where ____ you from? 
4. ____ you a student of the Institute of Civil Engineering and 

Architecture? 

5. Who ____ the best student in your group? 
6. ____ you a first year student? 
7. What ____ your major? 
8. ____ you one of the best students in your group? 
9. Who ____ your best friend? 
10. ____ your groupmates helpful? 
 
2.2 Заполните пропуски в следующих вопросах соответствующей 
формой глагола to be в Present Simple Tense, переведите вопросы 

1. Why ____ many species on earth at risk of extinction? 
2. Why ____ the tropical rainforests of great importance for our planet? 
3. What ____ one of the greatest priorities for environmentalists today? 
4. What ____ the rate of loss of biodiversity today? 
5. What ____ the reasons for major changes in the composition of the earth 

and its atmosphere? 

6. What organisms ____ more resistant to disease? 
7. Why ____ our genetic resources best stored in their natural habitat? 
8. What ____ one of the most controversial subjects of the UNCED 

conference? 

 
2.3 Заполните пропуски соответствующей формой глагола to be в 
Present Simple, Past Simple или Future Simple 

1. Who ____ the best specialist at this factory? 
2. Last year there ____ the highest crop in this region. 
3. Next year you ____ a land use planner. 
4. Climate ____ the sum of all weather events in an area during a long 

period of time. 

5. I ____ a first-year student. 
6. He ____ an engineer in two months. 
7. Climate and weather ____ not the same. 
8. My elder sister ____ a safety engineer, she ____ very experienced. 
9. Weather ____ the condition of the atmosphere during a brief time. 
10. In future effective land use planning ____ impossible without land 

information. 

11. Water ____ a very important resource for men. 
12. We ____ pupils a few months ago, and now we ____ students of the 

Institute of Civil Engineering and Architecture. 

13. In mid-latitudes weather systems such as cyclones with their fronts and 

anticyclones ____ the main features of weather maps. 

14. It ____ hard and at the same time interesting to study at our university. 
15. Industrial hygienists ____ scientists and engineers committed to 

protecting the health and safety of people in the workplace and the 
community. 

16. The goal of the industrial hygienist ____ to keep workers, their families, 

and the community healthy and safe.  

17. Environmental engineering ____ the application of science and 

engineering principles to improve the environment, to provide healthy 
water, air, and land for human habitation and for other organisms. 
 

2.4 Составьте вопросы к следующим предложениям 

1. Today our planet is in serious danger. (Yes / No) 
2. This land use planner was very successful last year. (Yes / No) 
3. CFCs are very bad for the environment. (an alternative question) 
4. The best place to store our genetic resources is in their natural habitat. 

(an alternative question) 

5. A species is a group of animals, plants or microorganisms that share a 

common genetic structure. (What) 

6. Different species of animals, plants and microorganisms are the world's 

genetic resources. (What) 

7. These students will be occupational safety and health specialists in four 

years. (Who) 

8. The results of their scientific experiment were of great importance. (a tag 

question) 

9. The atmosphere is the layer of gas that surrounds the earth. (a tag 

question) 

10. Air, water, and soil are necessary for existence of all living things. (a tag 

question) 

 
 
2.5 Переведите предложения, пользуясь словарем 

1. Environmental science is a field of study that aims to help human society 

better understand and manage the fauna and flora that share the natural 
environment with us. 

2. The floor of the forest is a warm, moist, sheltered environment that 

encourages a great variety of living things to grow. 

3. Another environmental problem in the atmosphere is the greenhouse 

effect. 

4. Smog is a mixture of different pollutants (mainly sulphur dioxide gas 

and particles of soot) and water vapour in still, cold air. 

5. One of the most urgent environmental problems in the world today is the 

shortage of clean water. 

6. Sewage is a rich source of micronutrients which are essential for the 

growth of plants and animals. 

7. Geothermal energy is energy from the hot centre of the earth. 
8. Our planet Earth is only a tiny part of the universe, but nowadays it's the 

only place where we can live. 

9. People always polluted their surroundings. But until now pollution was 

not such a serious problem. 

10. Acid rains, global warming, air and water pollution, and overpopulation 

are the problems that threaten human lives on the Earth. 

11. The causes of land pollution are disposal of urban and industrial wastes, 

exploitation of minerals, and improper use of soil by inadequate 
agricultural practices. 
 

2.6 Заполните пропуски соответствующей формой глагола to be в 
Present Simple, Past Simple или Future Simple, обращая внимание на 
конструкцию there+to be. Переведите предложения  

1. There ____ many definitions of ecology. 
2. There ____ a new word in the English language that underlines the 

importance of conserving resources: biodiversity. 

3. There ____ a lot of safety engineers at the meeting tomorrow. 
4. There ____ large differences in per capita water consumption between 

different countries. 

5. When life began there ____ no oxygen in the atmosphere. 
6. Although there ____ benefits to the use of pesticides, there ____ also 

drawbacks to use chemical substances foreign to the environment. 

7. Now there ____ two main groups of synthetic insecticides: 

organochlorines and organophosphates. 

8. There ____ vast land resources in Russia. 
9. There ____ various methods of waste disposal. 
10. Since before the turn of this century, there ____ many more jobs than 

environmental engineers to fill them. 

11. There ____  new wastewater treatment facilities next year.