Personality: highs and lows. Английский язык для психологов и не только

Ж.В. Кургузёнкова
Л.В. Кривошлыкова
М.В. Донская

PERSONALITY
highs and lows

АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК
для психологов и не только

Учебное пособие

4-е издание, стереотипное

Москва
Издательство «ФЛИНТА»
2021

УДК 811.111+159.9(075.8)
ББК 81.432.1я73

К93

Ре це нзе нт

д-р филол. наук, проф. кафедры английского языка факультета
иностранных языков Московского государственного областного

социально-гуманитарного института Л.Н. Лунькова

Кургузёнкова Ж.В.

К93 
Personality: highs and lows. Английский язык для психологов и не

только 
: 
учебное 
пособие 
/ 
Ж.В. 
Кургузенкова, 
Л.В. 
Кривошлыкова, М.В. Донская. — 4-е изд., стер. — Москва : 
ФЛИНТА, 2021. — 104 с. — ISBN 978-5-9765-2257-2. — Текст : 
электронный.

Учебное пособие предназначается для студентов отделения 
«Психология» с уровнем владения английским языком не ниже уровня 
Intermediate и владеющих базовой терминологией, применяемой в 
области психологии на русском языке. Тематика текстов, 
выступающих в качестве основного информационного ресурса, 
весьма разнообразна и современна: это проблемы добра и зла, смена 
пола, язык тела, межличностные отношения, глобализация и др. 
Пособие состоит из 10 уроков, включающих тексты из современных 
специализированных зарубежных изданий, все упражнения составлены 
таким образом, чтобы расширить и идиоматизировать словарный запас 
студентов-психологов, научить их вести беседу с опорой на базовый 
тематический словарь.
Для аудиторной и самостоятельной работы студентов-психологов, 
социологов, управленцев, а также для работы по программе 
«Переводчик в сфере профессиональной коммуникации».

УДК 811.111+159.9(075.8)
ББК 81.432.1я73

ISBN 978-5-9765-2257-2 
© Кургузенкова Ж.В., Кривошлыко
ва Л.В., Донская М.В., 2016

© Издательство «ФЛИНТА», 2016

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ

Предисловие  ....................................................................................................4

UNIT 1. 
People and Relationships  ................................................................6

UNIT 2. 
Men and women. Spot the difference  ...........................................17

UNIT 3. 
Taking on a New Lease of Life?!  ..................................................26

UNIT 4. 
How to Recognize Depression  ......................................................36

UNIT 5. 
The Lucifer Effect  .........................................................................46

UNIT 6. 
Why Do People Lie? How to Recognize a Lie  .............................55

UNIT 7. 
Body language  ..............................................................................64

UNIT 8. 
Generation Gap  .............................................................................74

UNIT 9. 
The Psychology of Globalization  .................................................84

UNIT 10. Peace Psychology  .........................................................................93

Литература  ...................................................................................................101

Использованные интернет-ресурсы  ..........................................................102

Предисловие

Учебное пособие “Personality: highs and lows” предназначе
но, прежде всего, для студентов, обучающихся по направлению
подготовки  «Психология». Данное пособие, разработанное
Ж.В. Кургузенковой, Л.В. Кривошлыковой и М.В. Донской, написано в соответствии с требованиями ФГОС ВПО к результатам освоения основных образовательных программ, а именно
направлено на формирование у студентов-психологов следующих компетенций: владение культурой научного мышления, 
обобщением, анализом и синтезом фактов и теоретических положений, а также владение иностранным языком в объеме, необходимом для работы с профессиональной литературой; развитие
организационно-управленческих навыков в профессиональной
и социальной деятельности; освоение норм взаимодействия и
сотрудничества с учетом принципов толерантности и социальной мобильности.

Данное учебное пособие может быть также использовано

для проведения занятий по дисциплине «Иностранный язык (английский)» со студентами, обучающимися по широкому спектру
гуманитарных специальностей (социология, связи с общественностью, зарубежное регионоведение, управление персоналом). 

Несомненным достоинством данного учебного пособия яв
ляется предложенный авторами корпус упражнений, направленных на развитие коммуникативных навыков студентов. Все
10 уроков включают список из двенадцати заданий, направленных, прежде всего, на расширение словарного запаса. Достижению поставленных задач способствуют предлагаемые авторами
аутентичные тексты из современных специализированных зарубежных изданий, затрагивающих актуальные проблемы современности: межличностных отношений, глобализации и т.д. 

Тексты обусловили направленность всего корпуса упражнений, а именно: 1) поиск соответствия между термином и его
определением; 2) поиск английских эквивалентов в тексте с
целью выделения основного вокабуляра прочитанной статьи; 

3) работа с основным вокабуляром путем заполнения пропусков 
нужными лексическыми единицами; 4) поиск синонимов; 5) перевод с русского языка на английский с использованием основного вокабуляра; 6) воспроизведение ситуаций из текста, в которых фигурировал выделенный вокабуляр; 7) ответы на вопросы; 
8) беседа в рамках заданных ситуаций; 9) написание эссе на заданную тему; 10) перевод устойчивых выражений, связанных 
тематически с основной лексикой урока; 11) выполнение упражнения на закрепление изученных идиом; 12) пересказ текста.
Таким образом, учитывая тот факт, что одной из важнейших 
проблем современной методики преподавания иностранного 
языка является вопрос оптимизации процесса общения, считаем, что данное пособие развивает навыки работы с оригинальным текстом, и, как следствие, оказывает воздействие на эмоциональную сферу студента, стимулирует его мыслительную 
деятельность, помогая сформировать коммуникативную компетенцию.

UNIT 1

People and Relationships

Relationship is defi ned as a state of connectedness between 
people. Although in today’s society with its crazy rhythm of 
everyday life, when people tend to live in densely populated 
megapolises, spending most of their time in the offi ce and hardly 
knowing their neighbor’s name, we still fi nd ourselves in some kind 
of a relationship — with friends, family, or colleagues.
Family relationships are the fi rst people’s relationships to enter into. 
Parents and relatives infl uence our emotional development by creating 
a model that we are sometimes bound to follow all our life, often 
subconsciously. People who have grown up in large happy families 
usually feel more emotionally secure than those, whose parents had 
gone through a divorce. For sure you know quite a few attractive and 
successful women who remain single for some ‘mysterious’ reason. 
They often turn out to be victims of their past. Deep inside they 
cannot overcome the fear of being abandoned, that comes from their 
childhood, when one or both of their parents left them or just did not 
pay enough attention. A well-established young man can be scared of 
a commitment in a relationship as his parents’ family model failed to 
convince him that getting married makes one happy.
In daycare, at school, then in the offi ce we spend a lot of time 
among fellow students and coworkers. We learn to maintain business 
relationships, to work in a team environment, then form smaller 
groups of like-minded people and fi nally select some of them as our 
friends.
What is a true friendship? How does it start? Are we destined to 
become friends with certain people or can we actually plan whom to 
be friends with?

“Everybody’s friend is nobody’s”, said Arthur Schopenhauer. 
Unlike a companionship based on belonging to the same team or 
group, friendship is a very personal and selective type of people’s 
relationships. It calls for trust, sincerity, and emotional bonds. It’s 
not without reason that we call our friends our alter ego.
Sociologists believe that most of the people are looking for 
similarity of views, social status, and interests when choosing 
friends. No wonder that our friends are often people of the same 
age, sex, and education. Another important factor is joint activity 
and solidarity. This is the reason why many of us befriend their 
colleagues and people who work in the same fi eld.
Another underestimated common prerequisite for friendship is 
geographical proximity. If our friends move out of town or overseas, 
it is a very common reason why friendship falls apart. Maintaining a 
long distance friendship is a challenge, and not many of us pass this 
test.
Most people would agree that a friend is someone who would 
always listen and understand. “Understanding” in this context 
implies a lot of meanings — compassion, sympathy, and emotional 
closeness. It’s a process when your friend deciphers your emotional 
state, shares your feelings, identifi es himself/herself with you.
“Friendship is like money, easier made than kept”, said Samuel 
Butler. To maintain friendship we have to make an effort. Friendship 
can be time-consuming and might require some sacrifi ce from our 
part — staying up all night comforting a girlfriend after a hard 
breakup, canceling you hairdresser’s appointment to babysit your 
friends’ kids, or taking care of someone’s pets. But friendship 
rewards us with a warm feeling of being there for someone, being 
important, being part of someone’s life.
The number of single people is growing every day, making 
modern psychologists question the need for a serious relationship 
between men and women. People are getting more and more selfsuffi cient and don’t seem to need a life partner any longer. Now, 
when successful career and professional self-realization have become 
priority for fresh graduates, when taking maternity leave will take 

away your chances of ever catching up with your more successful 
and commitment-free coworkers, most people tend to delay settling 
down or even moving in with someone until their late thirties. And 
by this time many of them are so much used to living independently, 
that they fi nd a mere thought of living with someone or considering 
any kind of commitment repulsive. “I am not a marrying type. I am 
missing the bride gene”, says Carrie Bradshow in the “Sex and the 
City”, who has become a role model for many single women around 
the world.
It’s a reality we have to acknowledge — people become more 
and more alienated, introverted and scared of getting closer to each 
other. Does it seem familiar? Each gender is trying to make contact 
with the other side, but is becoming trapped and confused in the 
process. Like a beast who has come too close to a hot-wired electric 
fence, we’ve seen both men and women jump back and retreat from 
the opposite sex, because they are afraid of risking the potential pain 
of rejection. So they keep their distance. 
However, psychological studies reveal that people who manage 
to maintain healthy relationships really have more happiness and 
less stress. There are simple ways to make relationships healthy, 
even though each one is different... boyfriends, girlfriends, parents, 
siblings, friends, colleagues, professors, roommates, and classmates.

Words and word combinations

● dense
containing a lot of things or people close together

● bound
feeling that you should do something because 
you are expected to, or because it is morally right, 
even if you do not really want to do it (be/feel 
bound to do something)

● subconscious
relating to thoughts or feelings that you have but 
do not think about, or do not realize you have

● divorce
to take legal action to end your marriage. (If two 
people agree to stop living together, but do not 
legally end their marriage, they separate)

● turn out
to be discovered to be something, have something 
etc.

● abandon
to leave someone when you should stay with them 
and look after them

● scared
frightened, or worried (scared of (doing) 
something)

● commitment
a duty or responsibility that you have accepted

● convince
to make someone believe that something is true

● destined
certain to do smth., or certain to happen 
in the future (destined for, destined to do 
something)

● trust
a feeling of confi dence in someone that shows you 
believe they are honest, fair, and reliable

● sincerity
an honest way of behaving that shows that you 
really mean what you say or do

● bonds
something that gives people or groups a reason to 
love one another or feel they have a duty to one 
another

● befriend
to become the friend of someone and treat them in 
a kind way

● underestimate
to think that someone has less power or ability 
than they really have

● prerequisite
something that must exist or happen before 
something else is possible

● proximity
how near something is to another thing, especially 
in distance or time

● fall apart
if something such as an organization, agreement, 
or relationship falls apart, it no longer continues

● compassion
a feeling of sympathy for someone who is in a bad 
situation because you understand and care about 
them

● decipher
to succeed in understanding the meaning of 
something written in a secret system of letters or 
symbols called a code, to understand something 
mysterious or confusing

● maintain
to make something stay the same

● consume
to use a supply of something such as time, energy, 
or fuel

● self-suffi cient
able to provide everything that you need by 
yourself, without help from other people

● maternity leave
time before and after the birth of a baby when a 
woman is allowed to be away from her job

● repulsive
someone or something that is repulsive is so 
unpleasant that you feel slightly ill when you see 
them or think about them

● alienate
to make someone feel that they do not belong in a 
place or group

Word study

Exercise 1. Match the term and its definitions.

1
self-suffi cient 
a
unable to change a bad situation or way of 
thinking

2
decipher
b
how near something is to another thing, 
especially in distance or time

3
trapped 
c
something that must exist or happen before 
something else is possible

4
bound 
d
able to provide everything that you need by 
yourself, without help from other people

5
retreat 
e
to make someone feel that they do not 
belong in a place or group

6
maintain 
f
to understand something mysterious or 
confusing

7
prerequisite 
g
a feeling of sympathy for someone who is 
in a bad situation because you understand 
and care about them

8
compassion 
h
feeling that you should do something 
because you are expected to, or because it 
is morally right, even if you do not really 
want to do it

9
alienate 
i
to make something stay the same

10
proximity 
j
to avoid a dangerous, unpleasant, or 
embarrassing situation, especially by 
moving away from it

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Exercise 2. Give English equivalents for:

густонаселенный мегаполис, начинать отношения, поддерживать отношения, отношения заканчиваются, быть обязанным что-либо делать, подсознательный, преодолеть страх, 
страх родом из детства, уделять внимание кому-либо, твердо 
стоящий на ногах, семейные обязанности, люди с одинаковыми взглядами / общими интересами, товарищеские отношения, избирательный, эмоциональная связь, совместная деятельность, заводить дружбу с кем-либо, прикладывать усилия, 
трудоемкий, требовать жертв от кого-либо, выпускник, брать 
декретный отпуск, лишать кого-либо возможности что-либо 
сделать, соперничество между детьми (одних родителей) / 
детская ревность.