Basic Concepts in the Tourism Industry

МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И НАУКИ  
РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ 
НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЙ ИССЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬСКИЙ  
ТОМСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ 
 
 
 
 
 
E.M. Шульгина 
 
BASIC CONCEPTS  
IN THE TOURISM INDUSTRY 
 
 
Рекомендовано УМО РАЕ по классическому университетскому  
и техническому образованию в качестве учебного пособия  
для студентов высших учебных заведений,  
обучающихся по направлению подготовки 05.03.02 – «География» 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Томск 
Издательский Дом Томского государственного университета 
2017

 
 
УДК 338.48:811.111(075.8) 
ББК 75.81 
Ш955 
        Шульгина Е.М. 
Ш955      Basic Concepts in the Tourism Industry : учеб. пособие. – Томск :  
                Издательский Дом Томского государственного университета,  
                2017. – 184 с. 
 
ISBN 978-5-94621-635-7 
 
Учебное пособие нацелено на овладение основными понятиями индустрии туризма, расширение словарного запаса в данной 
области и совершенствование практических навыков чтения, аудирования, говорения и письма. В книге использованы оригинальные 
материалы зарубежных масс-медиа. 
Для студентов высших учебных заведений туристского профиля, владеющих английским языком на пороговом уровне, а также тех, кто профессионально занимается туризмом.  
 
УДК 338.48:811.111(075.8) 
                                            ББК 75.81 
 
Рецензенты: 
А.Л. Назаренко, доктор педагогических наук, профессор 
Kevin Danielson, Expert in Social Tourism, Minnesota, USA 
 
 
ISBN 978-5-94621-635-7 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                             © Е.М. Шульгина, 2017 
© Томский государственный университет, 2017 

CONTENTS 
 
От автора………………………………………………………………4 
 
Chapter 1 THE TOURISM INDUSTRY……………… ……………..5 
 
Section 1 What is Tourism?.............................................................7 
Section 2 Travel Purposes ………………………………………......21 
Section 3 Tourism Statistics …………………………………………29 
Section 4 The Role of Government in Tourism   
 
Development……………………………………………………….42 
Section 5 Travel Types and Forms of Tourism……………………..47 
Section 6 Interview with Major Tourist Industry  
 
Professionals………………………………………………………58 
 
Additional Reading for Chapter 1 
Some Facts from Tourism Industry…………………………………..68 
‘Thomas Cook & Son’ – its establishment and development……..74 
 
Chapter 2 CAREER & TOURISM……………………………………80 
 
Section 7 Jobs in Tourism …………………………………………….83 
Section 8 Tourism Resources, Services and Products …………..106 
 
Tour Operators ………………………………………………….108 
Section 9 Travel Agent or Travel Consultant? …………………..140 
 
Travel Consultants and Travel Agencies …………………….142 
 
Additional Reading for Chapter 2 
Customer Service …………………………………………………….162 
Rethinking the Role of Transportation in Tourism………………165 
Accommodation & Catering ………………………………………..169 
Does Online Booking Threaten Traditional High Street 
Outlets?........................................................................................175 
The Internet Threat …………………………………………..………178 
 
 

От автора 
 
Основной целью учебного пособия  ‘Basic Concepts in the 
Tourism Industry’ является ознакомление студентов, изучающих 
английский язык, с информацией о современных тенденциях 
развития туризма на международном рынке, а также расширить их 
кругозор и дать представление о профессиях и занятости в сфере 
туризма. Книга разработана на основе оригинальных источников и 
аутентичных 
материалов 
зарубежных 
средств 
массовой 
информации и состоит из двух основных частей (Chapter), каждая 
из которых делится на разделы (Section). Оригинальные источники 
и материалы зарубежной прессы нацелены на расширение 
словарного запаса и совершенствование практических навыков 
речевой деятельности. Разделы содержат основной материал  в 
виде аутентичных текстов, разработок с использованием ресурсов 
сети Интернет,  лексико-грамматические тренинги и контрольные 
вопросы и состоят из рубрик: чтение (Reading), говорение 
(Speaking), аудирование (Viewing), письмо (Writing) и творчество 
(Creativity). Кроме того, задания включают ролевые игры, 
кроссворды, мозговой штурм, упражнения на усвоение и 
закрепление профессиональной лексики, а также авторские вебквесты, составленные на основе аутентичной визуальной и аудио 
поддержки об изучаемых объектах. Веб-квест – это веб-сайт в 
Интернете, 
составленный 
на 
основе 
сетевых 
ресурсов 
и 
направленный на поиск и отбор необходимой информации для 
выполнения креативной задачи.    
 
Желаем успехов в изучении профессионального английского 
языка! 
 
 
 
 
 

Chapter 1 
 

 
Theme Focus

THE TOURISM INDUSTRY 

Section 1 

 Pre-reading task 
 
 Do you like traveling? 
 How many times a year do you or your family travel 
anywhere? 
 What foreign countries have you already visited? 
 What other countries would you like to visit? 
 What do you already know about tourism? Give a definition of 
it. 
 
Pre-reading vocabulary  
 
Task 1 
Study the vocabulary below and remember the 
following definitions 

package(-)tour  
 a 
tourist 
voucher 
comprising 
full 
fare, 
accommodation, catering, excursions etc.; 
leisure  
 
 
time or opportunity for ease, relaxation, etc.; 
activity  
 any specific deed, action, occupation, etc. E.g. 
recreational activities; 
environment 
1) external conditions or surroundings, especially 
those in which people live or work;   
2) ecology the external surroundings in which a 
plant or animal lives, which tend to influence its 
development and behavior; 
consecutive 
 following one another without interruption; 
successive; 
recreation 
 1) refreshment of health or spirits by relaxation 
and enjoyment; 
2) an activity or pastime that promotes this; 
exceed   
 
 
to go beyond the limit or bounds; 
purchaser  
 a person who buys; buyer or consumer 
(customer); 
catering  
 the food, provided at a function by a person (a 
caterer) who provides food for social events; 
retailing  
 the sale of goods individually or in small 
quantities to consumers; 
entertainment   
an act that entertains; amusement; 
resident  
 
 
a person who lives permanently (resides)  
in a place; 
permanent residency refers to a person's visa status: the person  
is allowed to reside indefinitely within a country 
despite not having citizenship. A person with 
such status is known as a permanent resident. 
In Russia it is called “Vid na zhitelstvo”; 
cruise ship/ liner 
a passenger ship used for pleasure voyages, 
where the voyage itself and the ship's amenities 
are part of the experience;  
accommodation  
a place, where a traveler can get a bed and food 
while on a trip; e.g. hotels, motels, inns, camping 
grounds, hostels etc. 

resort  
a place which many people go to for recreation, 
rest, etc. 
venue  
 any place where an organized gathering, such as 
a rock concert or public meeting, is held; 
 
 

Reading
Text 1 
 
What is Tourism? 
 
Tourism is a relatively new 
phenomenon 
in 
the 
world. 
Tourism 
began 
with 
the 
building        
of the railroads    
in 
the 
19th 
century. 
In 
fact, the word 
tourism 
was 
used by 1811. 
Cox & Kings 
is the oldest 
established 
travel 
company 
in 
the world. It was the first official 
travel company to be established in 1758. Cox & Kings thrives as an 
independent tour company with offices in the United Kingdom, India, 
the United States and Japan. The first package-tour was arranged by 
Thomas Cook in England in 1841. The service included a journey of 20 
miles by train, tea, buns and a brass band. The price of the tour was a 
mere 1 shilling!  

Thomas Cook&Sons has now remained one of the prominent 
names in the tourist industry.  
Nowadays tourism has become a popular global leisure activity. In 
2008, there were over 922 million international tourist arrivals, with a 
growth of 1.9% as compared to 2007. The internationally agreed 
definition of tourism says that: Tourism comprises the activities of 
persons traveling to and staying in places outside their usual 
environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, 
business and other purposes. In other words, “tourism” is travel for 
recreational, leisure or business purposes.  
Despite tourism has been one of the fastest growing industries (the 
growth rate of tourism has generally exceeded the growth rate for the 
worldwide economy), defining the tourist industry is difficult. It is not 
an industry that is grouped into a single heading within the Standard 
Industrial Classification (SIC). The defining feature of tourism is not 
the product, but the purchaser, the ’tourist’. Most definitions 
concentrate on the services that a number of different industries, such 
as the travel industry; hotels and catering; retailing and entertainment 
provide to tourists.  
If defining the tourist industry is so complicated, then the 
classification of tourism is pretty simple. Thus, the United Nations 
classified three forms of tourism in 1994, in its “Recommendations on 
Tourism Statistics”. They are: 
 
Domestic tourism, which involves residents of the given 
country traveling only within this country; 
 
Inbound tourism, involving non-residents traveling in the 
given country;  
 
Outbound tourism, involving residents traveling in another 
country.  
The UN also derived different categories of tourism by combining 
the three basic forms of tourism: 
 Internal tourism, which comprises domestic tourism and 
inbound tourism;  
 National tourism, which comprises domestic tourism and 
outbound tourism;  

 International tourism, which consists of inbound tourism and 
outbound tourism. 
Tourism is vital for many countries, such as the U.A.E*, Egypt, 
Greece and Thailand, and many island nations, such as the Bahamas, 
Fiji, Maldives and the Seychelles, due to the large intake of money for 
businesses with their goods and services and the opportunity for 
employment in the service industries associated with tourism. These 
service industries include transportation services, such as airlines, 
cruise ships and taxis, hospitality services**, such as accommodations, 
including hotels and resorts, and entertainment venues, such as 
amusement parks** , casinos, shopping malls, various music venues** 
and the theatre. 
 
* Nations’ names with the flags, capitals and religions see in 
Annex 1; Geographical names see in Annex 2 in the book “Basic 
Concepts in the Tourism Industry (Annexes)” 
  
** see Notes 

Note 1  
The 
concept 
of 
Hospitality 
Exchange, “hospex” for short, also 
known 
as 
‘couchsurfing’ 
“accommodation 
sharing”, 
“hospitality services”, and “homestay 
networks”, 
refers 
to 
centrally 
organized 
social 
networks 
of 
individuals, generally travelers, who 
offer or seek accommodation without 
monetary exchange. Generally, these 
services connect users via the internet. 
Generally, after registering, members have the option of providing very 
detailed information and pictures of themselves and of the sleeping 
accommodation being offered, if any. The more information provided 
by a member improves the chances that someone will find the member 
trustworthy enough to be their host or guest. Names and addresses may 
be verified by volunteers. Members looking for accommodation can 

search for hosts using several parameters such as age, location, sex, and 
activity level. Home stays are entirely consensual between the host and 
guest, and the duration, nature, and terms of the guest's stay are 
generally worked out in advance to the convenience of both parties. No 
monetary exchange takes place except under certain circumstances (e.g. 
the guest may compensate the host for food). After using the service, 
members can leave a noticeable reference about their host or guest. 
Instead of or in addition to accommodation, members also offer to 
provide guide services or travel-related advice. The websites of the 
networks also provide editable travel guides and forums where 
members may seek travel partners or advice. Many such organizations 
are also focused on "social networking" and members organize 
activities such as camping trips, bar crawls, meetings, and sporting 
events. 
Some networks adjust to specific niche markets such as students, 
activists, religious pilgrims, and even occupational groups like police 
officers. 
 
 
 
 
 
Watch the video V “Couch-Surfing” and get acquainted with this 
trend. 

Note 2 
Amusement park or 
theme park is the generic 
term for a collection of 
rides 
and 
other 
entertainment attractions 
assembled for the purpose 
of entertaining a large 
group 
of 
people. 
An 
amusement park is more 
elaborate than a simple 
city park or playground, 

niche is relating to or aimed at a small specialized group; 
pilgrim is a person who undertakes a journey to a sacred place as an 
act of religious devotion; 

usually providing attractions meant to cater to children, teenagers, and 
adults. A theme park is a type of amusement park which has been built 
around one or more themes, such as an American West theme, or 
Atlantis*. Today, the terms amusement parks and theme parks are often 
used interchangeably. 
Amusement parks evolved in Europe from fairs and pleasure 
gardens which were created for people’s recreation. The oldest 
amusement park of the world (opened 1583) is Bakken, at 
Klampenborg, north of Copenhagen**, Denmark.  
Most amusement parks have a fixed location, as compared to 
traveling funfairs and carnivals. These temporary types of amusement 
parks are usually present for a few days or weeks per year, such as 
funfairs in the United Kingdom, and carnivals (temporarily set up in a 
vacant lot or parking lots) and fairs (temporarily operated in a fair 
ground) in the United States.  
Often a theme park has various 'lands' (sections) of the park 
devoted to telling a particular story. Non-theme amusement parks 
usually have little in terms of theming or additional design elements 
while in a theme park all the rides go all with the theme of the park, for 
example Magic Kingdom in Walt Disney World. 
* Atlantis – an ancient legend land (continent) which had sunk 
beneath the Atlantic Ocean west of the Straits of Gibraltar. 
** Copenhagen – Danish name: København [ʹkøbǝnʹhaun] 
 
Note 3 
A 
music 
venue 
is 
any 
location regularly 
used for a concert 
or 
musical 
performance. 
Music 
venues 
range in size and 
location, from an 
outdoor bandstand to an indoor sports stadium. Opera houses, and 
concerts host classical music performances, whereas public houses,