Экологические проблемы : пути решения. Охрана земельных ресурсов

Министерство сельского хозяйства Российской Федерации

Департамент научно-технологической политики и образования

Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное

учреждение высшего образования 

«Волгоградский государственный аграрный университет»

Кафедра «Иностранные языки»

Т. Е. Иванова
И. А. Левченко 
А. С. Захарова

ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ:

ПУТИ РЕШЕНИЯ.

ОХРАНА ЗЕМЕЛЬНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ

УЧЕБНО-МЕТОДИЧЕСКОЕ ПОСОБИЕ

для студентов эколого-мелиоративного факультета очной и заочной 

форм обучения направлений: 

05.03.06 «Экология и природопользование», 

20.03.02 «КИОВР», 21.03.02 «Землеустройство и кадастры».

Волгоград 

Волгоградский ГАУ 

2020

УДК 811.111
ББК 81.2 Англ.
И-28

Рецензенты:

кандидат педагогических наук, декан факультета дополнительного 
образования НОЧУ ВО «Волгоградский гуманитарный институт» доцент С. Н. Никитенко; кандидат филологических наук, доцент кафедры «Иностранные языки» Волгоградский ГАУ Ю. А. Васильченко

Иванова, Татьяна Евгеньевна 

И-28 Экологические проблемы: пути решения. Охрана земельных 

ресурсов: учебно-методическое пособие для студентов экологомелиоративного факультета очной и заочной форм обучения 
направлений: 05.03.06 «Экология и природопользование», 
20.03.02 «КИОВР», 21.03.02 «Землеустройство и кадастры».
/ Т. Е. Иванова, И. А. Левченко, А. С. Захарова. – Волгоград: 
ФГБОУ ВО Волгоградский ГАУ, 2020. – 144 с.

Данное учебно-методическое пособие предназначено для ауди
торной и внеаудиторной работы студентов эколого-мелиоративного 
факультета очной и заочной форм обучения направлений: 05.03.06 
«Экология и природопользование», 20.03.02 «КИОВР», 21.03.02 
«Землеустройство и кадастры».

Пособие включает в себя различные лексико-грамматические 

упражнения и задания по контролю и самоконтролю, направленные на 
формирование коммуникативных навыков.

УДК 811.111 

ББК 81.2 Англ

 ФГБОУ ВО Волгоградский 
ГАУ, 2020
 Иванова Т. Е., Левченко И. А., 
Захарова А. С., 2020

UNIT 1

LAND AND CADASTRES

TEXT 1

WHAT IS LAND USE PLANNING ABOUT?

1. Learn these words and word combinations.
apply (v.) – применять
dependence (n.) – зависимость
depend on, upon (v.) – зависеть от
development (n.) – развитие, разработка
in a sustainable way – устойчивым способом, на постоянной 

основе

inhabitant (n.) – житель
include (v.) – включать
independence (n.) – независимость
land (n.) – земля, суша, почва
land resources capacity – потенциал земельных ресурсов
land use –землепользование
land use planner – землеустроитель
land use planning – землеустройство
land tenure – землевладение
level (n.) – уровень
manage (v.) – регулировать, управлять
means of survival – средство выживания
outside assistance – помощь извне
own (adj.) – собственный
ownership (n.) – собственность
prosperous (adj.) – процветающий
solve (v.) – решать
survive (v.) – выживать
sustain (v.) – поддерживать

2. Read and translate the text.

What is land use planning about?

Land use planning or land surveying is a process of managing the 

use and development of land resources in a sustainable way. It is essentially a study of the methods in which land use planners apply their 
knowledge, skills and efforts to the gift of nature in order to satisfy their 
needs and wants.

Effective land use planning is impossible without land information. 

Such information includes land resource capacity, land tenure, land ownership and land use.

Even in the prosperous, economically advanced countries there is an 

aspect of survival. Land helps people to survive. That ‘s why lands are very 
important resources for men.

Some people have the abilities to sustain life without outside assis
tance. But a large percentage of the human race of the third world still lives 
in very small self – sufficient peasant communities. These people experience great poverty, but they provide on an individual basis, for their own 
survival. They have a degree of economic independence.

The inhabitants of cities are totally incapable of providing for them
selves, directly, the means of survival. Here we can observe the opposite 
situation – a high level of living together with an extreme economic dependence. Such people depend upon the efforts and cooperation of many 
thousands of specialist workers, among them land use planners. Land use 
planning is concerned with soil sciences, law, geodesy, geography, and 
computer. To solve these problems land use planners must be not only 
qualified but profoundly educated specialists.

3. Answer the questions.
1. What is land use planning?
2. What is effective land use planning impossible without? 
3. Are lands very important resources for men? 
4. How does a large percentage of the human race still live? 
5. What does land information include? 
6. Do we observe a high level of living in large cities? 

4. Quote the sentences in which these words and word combina
tions are used and translate them. 

A process of managing, land information, without outside assistance, 

economic independence, means of survival, to observe, profoundly educated specialists

5. Find synonyms among the following words.
Skill, trucks, land use planning, make, a land surveyor, community, 

compel, society, automobiles, a land use planner, land surveying, level, 
knowledge, standard.

6. Find antonyms among the following words.
Capable, independence, possible, easy, directly, impossible, large, 

incapable, difficult, dependence, small, indirectly.

7. Find in the text English equivalents for these words and word 

combinations.

Глубоко образованный специалист; большой процент; регули
ровать землеустройство; решать проблему; информация о земле; помощь извне; экономическая независимость; поддерживать жизнь; 
средство выживания; противоположная ситуация; для того, чтобы 
удовлетворить нужды.

8. Translate into English.
1. Землеустройство – древняя наука. 
2. Информация о земле включает землевладение, землепользо
вание и потенциал земельных ресурсов. 

3. Эффективное землеустройство невозможно без информации 

о земле. 

4. Люди используют свои знания и навыки, чтобы удовлетво
рить свои нужды. 

5. Даже в процветающих странах существует аспект выживания.

9. Insert prepositions where necessary.
1. Land use planning is a process … managing the use and develop
ment … land resources … a sustainable way. 

2. Land helps people … survive. 
3. … order … satisfy men ‘s needs and wants people apply their 

knowledge … the gifts … nature. 

10. Give a summary of the text “What is land use planning about?”

TEXT 2

RURAL AND AGRICULTURAL LAND USE PLANNING

1. Learn these words and word combinations.
adopt (v.) – принимать
assess (v) – оценивать
assessment (n.) – оценка
assistance (n.) – содействие, помощь
bottom-up and top-down land use planning – -восходящее и 
нисходящее землеустройство

conservation (n.) – сохранность, консервация
erosion hazard – опасность эрозии
feasibility (n.) – возможность, осуществляемость
impact (v.) – воздействовать, оказывать влияние
involve (v.) – включать, вовлекать
misuse (n.) – злоупотребление

option (n.) – вариант
overexploitation – использование природных ресурсов выше 

уровня их естественного восстановления, чрезмерная эксплуатация

overgrazing – выбивание пастбища (скотом), опустынивание
deforestation (n.) – вырубка леса
planning strategy – стратегия планирования
recreational (adj.) – рекреационный
rural (adj.) – сельский
user (n.) – пользователь
wildlife (n.) – дикая природа, заповедник

2. Read and translate the text.

Rural and agricultural land use planning

Land use planning can be defined as the systematic assessment of 

land and water potential, alternative systems of land use and other physical, 
social and economic conditions. 

The purpose is to select and adopt land use options which are the 

most beneficial to land users without degrading the resources or the environment, together with the selection of measures most likely to encourage 
such land users. In the broadest meaning of the term, land use planning 
deals with planning for all types of land use (rural, urban, industrial, recreational, etc.). 

Land use planning involves many aspects of planning such as design
ing planning options, evaluation of feasibility (economic, environmental, 
social impact assessment), providing assistance to decision maker, implementation and monitoring of plans.

Rural land use planning is concerned with all (economic) activities in 

rural areas, such as agriculture, forestry, wildlife conservation and tourism. 
Besides evaluation of the potential of different activities, rural land use 
planning assists in resolving conflicts of interests between groups of land 
users. Some of the key aspects of agricultural land use planning are physical and socioeconomic ones. 

Physical aspects involve land evaluation (mapping, analysis, suitable 

matching), identification of opportunities for change (improve existing land 
use system, suggest new land use systems), natural resources management 
(sustainable land use systems). The objectives of socio-economic aspects 
include identification of target groups, weighting options and connection 
with other administration/planning. 

Land is a limited resource and the misuse of land can lead to such 

problem as nonsustainable land use: processes of overexploitation (overgrazing, deforestation, erosion hazard). We need to conserve land resources 
for future use through sustainable land users.

3. Answer the questions.
1. How can land use planning be defined? 
2. What is the purpose of land use planning? 
3. What does land use planning deal with? 
4. Does land use planning include many aspects? 
5. What are the key aspects of agricultural land use planning? 
6. Is land a limited resource? 
7. Do we need to conserve land resources for future use?

4. Quote the sentences in which these words and word combina
tions are used and translate them.

To select and adopt land use options, wild life conservation, land 

evaluation, the misuse of land, deforestation.

5. Find synonyms among the following words.
Local, start, benefit, advantage, option, vantage, choice, begin, re
gional, income.

6. Find antonyms among the following words.
Satisfied, find, high, popular, encourage, low, unpopular, lose, nar
row, wide, discourage, unsatisfied.

7. Find in the text English equivalents for these words and word 

combinations.

Человек, принимающий решение; сельскохозяйственное земле
устройство; оценка возможности; сохранять земельные ресурсы; 
опасность эрозии; ограниченный ресурс; "нисходящее" землеустройство (инициатива сверху); "восходящее" землеустройство (инициатива 
снизу); стратегия планирования; большие преимущества; региональный уровень; вариант землеустройства; большие площади.

8. Translate into English.
1. Землеустроители никогда не должны полагаться только на 

одну стратегию. 

2. Мы нуждаемся в консервации земельных ресурсов. 
3. Землеустройство осуществляется на государственном, регио
нальном и местном уровнях. 

4. Процесс планирования основан на кадастровой съѐмке зе
мельных ресурсов. 

5. Злоупотребление землѐй приводит к различным проблемам.

9. Make up sentences using the following words:
1. Option, best, which, the, is? 
2. Are, legislations, many, there, land, for, planning, use. 

3. Highest, there, year, crop, last, was, the. 
4. Now, working, are, we. 
5. Is, limited, land, resource, a. 
6. Need, conserve, resources, we, to, land. 
7. Are, strategies, there, different, two, planning.

10. Insert prepositions where necessary.
1. Different types ... land use planning are usually described. 
2. … traditional society, people use up-to-date methods … crop pro
duction.

3. The methods and types … planting and harvesting are always 

based … traditions. 

4.Year … year, little is changed.

11. Ask questions to which the italicized words are the answers.
1. I am a land use planning engineer. 
2. Land is a limited resource. 
3. The land legislation decided financial problems last month. 
4. The land use planners will discuss the best options tomorrow. 
5. Bottom-up land use planning includes both advantages and disad
vantages.

12. Give a summary of the text “Rural and agricultural land use 

planning”

TEXT 3

WHAT IS LAND CADASTRE?

1. Learn these words and word combinations.
aerial photography – аэрофотосъѐмка
conveyancing (n.) – составление нотариальных актов о передаче 

имущества

custody (n.) – хранение
customary land tenure – обычное землевладение
data base – база данных
demarcation (n.) – разграничение, демаркация
easement (n.): 
1) удобства, подсобные помещения, пристройки, службы; 
2) юр. право прохода, проведения освещения по чужой земле
encompass (v.) – охватывать
environment (n.) - окружающая среда
Global Positioning System (GPS) – система глобального позицио
нирования

land distribution – перераспределение земли
land dispute – земельный спор
land registry – журнал учѐта земельных участков
leasehold (n.): 
1) лизгольд (покупка недвижимости на правах аренды); 
2) недвижимость, купленная на правах аренды
mortgage (n.) – ипотека, закладная
offer (v.) – предлагать
parcel of land – участок земли
photogrammetry (n.) – фотограмметрия (дисциплина, использующая
фотоснимки для топосъемки и составления карт)
protection (n.) – защита
resolving land dispute – решение земельного спора
responsibility (n.) – ответственность, обязанность
restriction (n.) – ограничение
satellite position fixing - спутниковое определение местности
taxation ( n.) – налогообложение
transaction (n.) – дело, сделка
up-to-date (adj.) – современный
valuation (n.) – оценка, величина
value (v.) – оценивать

2. Read and translate the text.

What is Land Cadastre?

A Cadastre is normally a parcel based on up-to-date land infor
mation system containing a record of interests in land (e.g. rights, restrictions and responsibilities). It usually includes a geometric description of land parcels linked to other records describing the nature of the 
interests, and ownership or control of those interests. It often describes 
the value of the parcel and its improvements. It may be established for 
fiscal purposes (e.g. valuation and equitable taxation), legal purposes 
(conveyance), to assist in the management of land and land use for planning and other administrative purposes.

The Cadastre enables sustainable development and environmental 

protection. The Land Cadastre encompasses such information as land resource capacity, land tenure, land ownership and different land uses. 

Land tenure is concerned with the rights, restrictions and respon
sibilities that people have with respect to the land. The Cadastre may 
record different forms of land tenure such as ownership, leasehold, 
easements, mortgages and different types of common, communal or 
customary land tenure.

The Surveyor may be responsible for:
– cadastral surveying and mapping;
– recording of cadastral information;
– land valuation;
– land use planning;
– management of both the graphic and textual cadastral data bases;
– resolving land disputes;
– custody and supply of cadastral information.
Modern technology, such as up-to-date survey instruments, satellite 

position fixing (Global Positioning System - GPS), aerial photography and 
photogrammetry can offer new possibilities to increase the speed and lower 
the costs for cadastral reform.

3. Answer the questions.
1. What is a Cadastre? 
2. What does the Land Cadastre encompass?
3. What is a land use planner responsible for?
4. Is it necessary to make careful investigation for cadastral reforms?
5. What kind of modern technology do you know? 
6. Is Cadastral Reforms concerned with the improvement of cadastral 

systems?

4. Quote the sentences in which these words and word combina
tions are used and translate them.

Description of land parcel, fiscal purpose, leasehold, up-to-date sur
vey instruments

5. Find synonyms among the following words.
Costs, deal, dispute, immediately, exact, transaction, sporadically, 

modern, ground, accurate, up-to-date, discussion, land, expenses.

6. Find antonyms among the following words.
Informal, start, unfortunately, finish, partner, enemy, formal, for
tunately.

7. Find in the text English equivalents for these words and word

combinations.

Разные страны; правовые вопросы; земельная регистрация; 

участок земли; решение земельных споров; справедливое налогообложение; продолжительность прав на землю, различные формы землевладения, геометрическое описание земельных участков; перераспределение земли.