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Теория и практика продовольственного рынка

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В научно-практическом пособии изложены теоретические подходы к развитию продовольственного рынка. Рассмотрен зарубежный опыт формирования агропромышленных систем в условиях рынка. Уделено внимание проблеме рыночных преобразований в АПК и необходимости государственного регулирования этого процесса. Предназначено для научных и практических работников, аспирантов и студентов, занимающихся проблемами рыночной трансформации агропромышленного производства, развития продовольственного рынка и агробизнеса.
Усенко, Л. Н. Теория и практика продовольственного рынка : научнно-практическое пособие / Л. Н. Усенко. - 3-е изд., стер. - Москва : ФЛИНТА, 2020. - 89 с. - ISBN 978-5-9765-2602-0. - Текст : электронный. - URL: https://znanium.com/catalog/product/1150909 (дата обращения: 23.04.2024). – Режим доступа: по подписке.
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MHHHCTEPCTUO 01>11\l•TO II l!l'O•M:< '('llOllA.111>1101'0 
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1998 

3-е издание, стереотипное

Москва
Издательство «ФЛИНТА»

2020

УДК 338
ББК 65.32

У74

Р е ц е н з е н т ы :

заслуженный деятель науки РФ, д-р экон. наук, 

проф. Н.П. Борисенко;

д-р экон. наук В.В. Гарькавый

Усенко Л.Н. 
Теория 
и 
практика 
продовольственного 
рынка 
[Электронный ресурс] : научн.-практ. пособие / Л.Н. Усенко. — 
3-е изд., стер. — М. : ФЛИНТА, 2020. — 89 с.
ISBN 978-5-9765-2602-0

В научно-практическом пособии изложены теоретические 
подходы к развитию продовольственного рынка. Рассмотрен 
зарубежный опыт формирования агропромышленных систем в 
условиях рынка. Уделено внимание проблеме рыночных 
преобразований в АПК и необходимости государственного 
регулирования этого процесса. 
Предназначено для научных и практических работников, 
аспирантов и студентов, занимающихся проблемами рыночной 
трансформации агропромышленного производства, развития 
продовольственного рынка и агробизнеса. 

УДК 338
ББК 65.32

ISBN 978-5-9765-2602-0
© Усенко Л.Н., 2015
© Издательство «ФЛИНТА», 2015

У74

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