Текстовые фрагменты публикации
Р У С С К И Й Я З Ы К К А К И Н О С Т Р А Н Н Ы Й
Е. Г. Борисова, А. Н. Латышева
ЛИНГВИСТИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ РКИ
ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКАЯ ГРАМАТИКА РУССКОГО ЯЗЫКА
Учебное пособие
3-е издание, стереотипное
Москва
Издательство «ФЛИНТА»
2019
I hƒä=2åëü“2"% &tЛИНТА[, 2014
ISBN 978-5-89349-445-7
ISBN 978-5-89349-445-7
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____________________________________________________________
Учебное издание
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Учебное пособие
Ïîäïèñàíî ê âûïóñêó 20.12.2018.
Ýëåêòðîííîå èçäàíèå äëÿ ðàñïðîñòðàíåíèÿ ÷åðåç Èíòåðíåò.
ÎÎÎ «ÔËÈÍÒÀ», 117342, ã. Ìîñêâà, óë. Áóòëåðîâà, ä. 17-Á, êîìí. 324.
Òåë./ôàêñ: (495) 334-82-65; òåë. (495) 336-03-11.
E-mail: flinta@mail.ru; WebSite: www.flinta.ru
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Несколько слов
для будущих преподавателей русского языка
как иностранного
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3“2!%å…% 2=*, ÷2%K/ …=3÷,2ü %C!åäåë 2ü ",ä ãë=ã%ë= " 2å*“2å,
ƒ=ä="= "%C!%“/ )2% äåë=2ü? )2% “äåë=2ü?, " =*=äåì,÷å“*%L
ã!=ìì=2,*å C%ä!%K…åLø,ì %K!=ƒ%ì ,ƒë=ã=þ2“ “"åäå…, %
“C%“%K=. ãë=ã%ëü…%ã% äåL“2", , = " 3÷åK…,*å äë ,…%“2!=…öå" "“å
,ƒë%›å…,å C%“2!%å…% “%"å!øå……% ,…=÷å , “%äå!›,2 2?=2åëü…/L
РАЗДЕЛ I
ПРИНЦИПЫ СОЗДАНИЯ
ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКОГО ОПИСАНИЯ
РУССКОГО ЯЗЫКА
Г л а в а I . ЗАДАЧИ ПРЕПОДАВАНИЯ И ОПИСАНИЕ РУССКОГО ЯЗЫКА
Cå!å÷å…ü ì…%ã%÷,“ëå……/. C!=",ë 3C%2!åKëå…, ãë=ã%ë%" 2%ã% ,ë,
,…%ã% ",ä=.
p=ƒë,÷=þ2“ ä=›å C!åä“2="ëå…, % ã!=…,ö=. ã!=ìì=2,*,: "
ã!=ìì=2,*, äë ,…%“2!=…öå" (= …å " C%“%K, C% ëå*“,*å) "“åãä=
".%ä,2 2åì= &cë=ã%ë/ ä",›å…, [.
`*=äåì,÷å“*%å (…=ƒ/"=åì%å 2=*›å 2å%!å2,÷å“*,ì, = C%
ƒ=ä=÷=ì O “2!3*23!…%-“,“2åì…%å) %C,“=…,å “2=",2 öåëüþ
%K…=!3›,2ü *=* ì%›…% K%ëüøå ƒ/*%"/. åä,…,ö , 3“2=…%",2ü
“,“2åì…/å “" ƒ, ìå›ä3 …,ì,. o%.2%ì3 " 2!3ä=. .2%ã% …=C!="ëå…,
O = .2% K%ëüø,…“2"% ë,…ã",“2,÷å“*,. “2=2åL , ì%…%ã!=-,L O
öå…,2“ "/ "ëå…,å !=ƒë,÷…/. ã!3CC (2,C/ “ë%"%,ƒìå…å…, ,
“.åì/ C!åäë%›å…, , ÷=“2…%",ä%"/å ƒ…=÷å…, , 2.C.). nä…=*%
-3…*ö,%…,!%"=…,å åä,…,ö %*=ƒ/"=å2“ …= ƒ=ä…åì Cë=…å. o%.2%ì3
" …å*%2%!/. “ë3÷= . =*=äåì,÷å“*%å %C,“=…,å …å C%ì%ã=å2 …=3÷,2ü
C!=",ëü…% 3C%2!åKë 2ü “ë%"% ,ë, ã!=ìì=2,÷å“*3þ -%!ì3.
m=C!,ìå!, ä=›å ƒ…=…,å …=K%!= ÷=“2…%",ä%"/. ƒ…=÷å…,L …å
C%ì%ã=å2 C!=",ëü…% "/K!=2ü ãë=ã%ëü…/L ",ä, * C!,ìå!3, C!,
“%%K?å…,, % -=*2å äåL“2", : “ C!%“,ë %K .2%ì , “ C%C!%“,ë %K
.2%ì. (qì. %C,“=…,å -3…*ö,%…,!%"=…, ã!=ìì=2,÷å“*,. åä,…,ö "
[o!=*2,÷å“*= ã!=ìì=2,*=, 1985] , [Givon, 1992].)
hìåå2
“"%,
%“%Kå……%“2,
,
*%ìCüþ2å!…=
ë,…ã",“2,*=:
ë,…ã",“2,÷å“*%å
%Kå“Cå÷å…,å
“,“2åì
ì=ø,……%ã%
Cå!å"%ä=,
="2%ì=2,÷å“*%ã% !å-å!,!%"=…, , 2.C. gäå“ü * ë,…ã",“2,÷å“*,ì
%C,“=…, ì C!åäA "ë þ2“ 2=*,å "=›…/å 2!åK%"=…, , *=* C%ë…%2= ,
%ä…%ƒ…=÷…%“2ü C!=",ë (C3“2ü ä=›å " 3?å!K *%ìC=*2…%“2,). m=C!,ìå!,
…åëüƒ “*=ƒ=2ü, ÷2% …å*%2%!/å “ë%"= ,ìåþ2 " C!åäë%›…%ì C=äå›å
%*%…÷=…,å -,: …=ä% ,ë, ƒ=ä=2ü C!=",ë%, C% *%2%!%ì3 .2, “ë%"= ì%›…%
…=L2, " “ë%"=!å, ,ë, ƒ=ä=2ü ,. “C,“*%ì. må*%2%!/å ä%“2,›å…,
*%ìCüþ2å!…/. ,““ëåä%"=…,L ì%›…% C!,ìå…,2ü " C!åC%ä="=…,,,
C%“*%ëü*3 %…, 2%›å %!,å…2,!%"=…/ …= -3…*ö,%…,!%"=…,å ƒ/*=.
nä…=*% ÷åë%"å* O …å *%ìCüþ2å!. n… …å “ì%›å2 ƒ=C%ì…,2ü äë,……/å
“C,“*, ,“*ëþ÷å…,L , C!åäC%÷2å2, ÷2%K/ C!=",ë= K/ë, C3“2ü …å
“2%ëü 2%÷…/å, …% K%ëåå ƒ=C%ì,…=þ?,å“ .
j=*= ã!=ìì=2,*= C!="=, *=*= C!=",ëü…åå %C,“/"=å2
%“%Kå……%“2, !3““*%ã% ƒ/*=?
n2"å÷= …= .2%2 "%C!%“, ì/ .%2åë, K/ å?å !=ƒ C%ä÷å!*…32ü,
÷2%, ã%"%! %K pjh, ì/ ã%"%!,ì % C!,*ë=ä…%ì …=C!="ëå…,,
ë,…ã",“2,*,, = " C!,*ë=ä…/. …=3*=. %C,“=…,å ƒ=",“,2 %2 2å.
ƒ=ä=÷, *%2%!/å “2=",2 Cå!åä “%K%L ,““ëåä%"=2åëü. b ƒ=",“,ì%“2, %2
Р а з д е л I . ПРИНЦИПЫ СОЗДАНИЯ ПЕДАГОГИЧЕСКОГО ОПИСАНИЯ РУССКОГО ЯЗЫКА
.2%ã% 2%, ÷2% …3›…% äë !åøå…, ƒ=ä=÷,, O "/.%ä,2 …= Cå!"/L
Cë=…, = C!%÷åå %“2=å2“ " 2å…,, %2!=›=å2“ …åC%ë…%, ,ë, ›å …=
…åã% “%"“åì …å %K!=?=þ2 "…,ì=…, .
b “" ƒ, “ …=ø,ì, !=““3›äå…, ì, "%ƒ…,*=å2 å?å %ä,… "%C!%“.
e“ë, pjh O .2% “-å!= C!,*ë=ä…%L ë,…ã",“2,*,, 2% …= *=*,å
%C,“=…, " %Kë=“2, -3…ä=ìå…2=ëü…%ã% ƒ/*%ƒ…=…, %…= %C,!=å2“ ?
1. Лингвистические концепции XX века
и их влияние на лингводидактику
g=ìå2,ì, ÷2% ëþK3þ 3÷åK…3þ ã!=ìì=2,*3 “%ƒä=å2 ÷åë%"å*,
,ìåþ?,L "ƒãë ä/ …= 2%, *=* "%%K?å 3“2!%å… ƒ/*, , ,ƒ3÷å…,å
!=ƒ…/. C%“%K,L C%*=ƒ/"=å2, ÷2% "ë, …,å ë,…ã",“2,÷å“*%L
*%…öåCö,,, "…32!, *%2%!%L &…=.%ä,2“ [ ="2%! ã!=ìì=2,*,,
%*=ƒ/"=å2 …= …åã% “,ëü…åLøåå "ë, …,å. )2%K/ C% “…,2ü “*=ƒ=……%å,
!=““ì%2!,ì …å“*%ëü*% !*,. C!,ìå!%" ,ƒ ,“2%!,, “2=…%"ëå…,
Cåä=ã%ã,÷å“*%L ã!=ìì=2,*, =…ãë,L“*%ã% ƒ/*=.
1.1. b 2å÷å…,å öåë%L ÷å2"å!2, ä"=äö=2%ã% "å*= "åä3?åå C%ë%›å…,å
" ƒ/*%ƒ…=…,, ƒ=…,ì=ë= “2!3*23!…= ë,…ã",“2,*= [n“…%"…/å
…=C!="ëå…, “2!3*23!=ë,ƒì=, 1964], " %“…%"3 *%2%!%L C%ë%›å…/
2!3ä/ t. äå q%““þ!=, m.q. Š!3Kåö*%ã%, p. “*%K“%…=. l…%ã,å
C!,…ö,C/ “2!3*23!=ë,ƒì= K/ë, !=ƒ!=K%2=…/ " qx` [aë3ì-,ëüä,
1968], ãäå “ë%›,ë=“ü ø*%ë= äå“*!,C2,",ƒì=. qC!="åäë,"%“2,
!=ä, ƒ=ìå2,ì, ÷2% , !=K%2/ …å*%2%!/. !3““*,. 3÷å…/., C!å›äå
"“åã% m.q. Š!3Kåö*%ã%, p. “*%K“%…=, Kë,ƒ*, * .2%ì3 …=C!="ëå…,þ
[“*%K“%…, 1985]. n…% %“…%"/"=å2“ …= C!åä“2="ëå…,, % ƒ/*å
*=* % “2!3*23!å, " *%2%!%L ãë="…/ì "ë þ2“ %2…%øå…, ìå›ä3
åä,…,ö=ì, ƒ/*= (-%…åì=ì,, ì%!-åì=ì,, “ë%"=ì,, = 2=*›å
“,…2=*“,÷å“*,ì, åä,…,ö=ì,). dë ë,…ã",“2%" .2%ã% …=C!="ëå…,
.=!=*2å!å… ,…2å!å“ * ƒ"3÷=?åL !å÷, C!, C!=*2,÷å“*, C%ë…%ì
%2“32“2",, ,…2å!å“= * “åì=…2,*å. “ƒ/* äë “2!3*23!=ë,“2%" .2%ã%
…=C!="ëå…, O .2% ì…%›å“2"% “2!3*23!, ì%äåëåL C%“2!%å…,
!å=ëü…/. C!åäë%›å…,L. n“…%"…/å C!,…ö,C/ “2!3*23!=ë,ƒì=
K/ë, C%ë%›å…/ " %“…%"3 &…%"%ã% C%ä.%ä= * C!åC%ä="=…,þ[
,…%“2!=……/. ƒ/*%". g=ìå2,ì, ÷2% "“å *!3C…/å ë,…ã",“2/ .2%L
ø*%ë/ “%"ìå?=ë, …=3÷…3þ !=K%23 “ C!åC%ä="=…,åì !%ä…%ã%
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