Морские конвенции (Learn SOLAS 74 & MARPOL 73/78)

Севастопольский 
государственный 
университет

LEARN SOLAS 74 & MARPOL 73/78

МОРСКИЕ КОНВЕНЦИИ

Москва

ВУЗОВСКИЙ УЧЕБНИК

ИНФРА-М

2020

И.А. ЗАКИРЬЯНОВА

3-е издание, переработанное и дополненное

УЧЕБНОЕ ПОСОБИЕ

Закирьянова И.А.

Морские конвенции (Learn SOLAS 74 & MARPOL 73/78) : учеб. по
собие / И.А. Закирьянова. — 3-е изд., перераб. и доп. — М. : Вузовский 
учебник : ИНФРА-М, 2020. — 266 с. + Доп. материалы [Электронный ресурс; 
Режим доступа: http://www.znanium.com].

ISBN 978-5-9558-0566-5 (Вузовский учебник)
ISBN 978-5-16-012837-5 (ИНФРА-М, print)
ISBN 978-5-16-103153-7 (ИНФРА-М, online)

Учебное пособие содержит детально разработанный практикум, который помогает сту
дентам изучить положения основных морских конвенций, — СОЛАС 74 и МАРПОЛ 73/78 — 
в контексте коммуникативного похода к преподаванию и изучению иностранных языков 
на основе личностно-развивающего интерактивного образовательного процесса.

Пособие состоит из двух частей: книга для студента, книга для преподавателя 
.

Материал учебного пособия направлен на оптимизацию процесса языковой подго
товки моряков гражданского флота в системе высшего и последипломного образования.

УДК 378.14:811.111
ББК 74.58:81.2Англ

З-18

© Закирьянова И.А., 2017 
© Вузовский учебник, 2017

УДК 378.14:811.111
ББК 
74.58:81.2Англ

 
З-18

Р е ц е н з е н т ы:

Л.И. Редькина, д-р пед. наук, проф., зав. кафедрой педагогики и управления учебными заведениями 
института педагогики, психологии и инклюзивного образования Гуманитарно-педагогической академии 
(филиал) ФГАОУ ВО «Крымский федеральный университет имени В.И. Вернадского»; 

Ф.М. Штейнбук, д-р фил. наук, проф., директор историко-филологического института Гуманитарнопедагогической академии (филиал) ФГАОУ ВО «Крымский федеральный университет имени 
В.И. Вернадского»; 

А.Л. Кирюхин, д-р техн. наук, доц., зав. кафедрой эксплуатации судовых энергетических установок 
Черноморского высшего военно-морского училища имени П.С. Нахимова

А в т о р:

И.А. Закирьянова, канд. пед. наук, доцент кафедры «Романская и германская филология» ФГАОУ ВО 
«Севастопольский государственный университет»

ISBN 978-5-9558-0566-5 (Вузовский учебник)
ISBN 978-5-16-012837-5 (ИНФРА-М, print)
ISBN 978-5-16-103153-7 (ИНФРА-М, online)

Материалы, отмеченные знаком 
, 

доступны в электронно-библиотечной системе Znanium.com

CONTENTS

Unit 1.  
Safety of life at Sea Convention (SOLAS 74) & Convention 

for Prevention of Marine Pollution (MARPOL 73/78): 

Overview  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Unit 2.  
Construction: subdivision and stability  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Unit 3.  
Machinery and electrical installations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Unit 4.  
Fire protection, fire detection and fire extinction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Unit 5.  
Life-saving appliances and arrangements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60

Unit 6.  
Carriage of cargo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Unit 7.  
Bunkering operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Unit 8.  
Marine environment protection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

Wordlist 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118

Key to exercises  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144

Texts for listening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

Appendix 1.  Important Definitions Used in the International

Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS 74) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218

Appendix 2.  Important Definitions Used in the International 

Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, 

as modified by the Protocol of 1978(MARPOL 73/78) . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

Appendix 3.  Abbreviations Used in Environment Protection 

Regulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254

Appendix 4.  The Phonetic Alphabet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

Appendix 5.  The Figure Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263

Appendix 6.  Keeping the radiotelephone log: Abbreviations 

and ‘Q’ Codes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264

Literature 
 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265

3

U N I T 1 

SAFETY OF LIFE AT SEA CONVENTION (SOLAS) & 
CONVENTION FOR PREVENTION OF MARINE POLLUTION 
(MARPOL): GENERAL VIEW  

Presentation 

 Reading and Listening  
 

General Knowledge Quiz  

Answer the questions.  

1. When was the first version of the International Maritime Safety Treaty 
(SOLAS) passed? 

a. 1914; b. 1929; c. 1974. 

2. How many conventions and protocols have been adopted by the International 
Maritime Organization? 

a. Around 40; b. Around 90; c. Around 15. 

3. What are SOLAS 74 and MARPOL 73/78 about? 

a. Containers’ safety.  

b. Human life and marine environment safety from all kinds of pollutions. 

c. Maritime Search and Rescue. 

4. Where is the IMO based? 

a. In the USA. b. In Germany. c. In the United Kingdom. 

5. When did the International Safety Management Code enter into force? 

a. On 1 July 1998. b. On 1 February 1997. c. On 15 January 2010. 

6. What is the first group of International Conventions concerned with? 

a. With maritime safety.  

b. With the prevention of marine pollution. 

c. With liability and compensation, especially in relation to damage caused by 
pollution. 

4

7. What does tacit acceptance procedure facilitate? 

a. Trying to put to sea.  

b.  Arranging a conference.  

c. The quick and simple modification of Conventions to keep pace with the 
rapidly evolving technology in the shipping world.  

8.  The main source of electrical power is to be… 

a. One genset. b. At least two gensets. c. Four gensets. 

9. What questions has Carriage of Dangerous Goods in Solid Form in Bulk 
covered? 

a. The documentation, stowage and segregation requirements for these goods 
and requires reporting of incidents involving such goods. 

b.  Provisions for the classification, packing, marking, labelling and placarding, 
documentation and stowage of dangerous goods.  

c.  Special requirements for the carriage of packaged irradiated nuclear fuel, 
plutonium and high-level radioactive wastes on board ships.  

10.  What are basic requirements for nuclear-powered ships concerned with? 

a. The maintenance of meteorological services for ships. 

b. The maintenance of search and rescue services. 

c. Radiation hazards. 

11.  When and where was The MARPOL Convention adopted? 

a. On 2 November 1973 at IMO. 

b. On 1 July 1973 at IMO. 

c. On 2 October 1978 at IMO. 

12.  How many Annexes does The MARPOL 73/78 Convention include? Will 
you enumerate them? 

a. Five. b. Six. c. Seven.  

 

5

  Grammar Question 

Find an example of the following tenses in the quiz. 

Present Simple   Past Simple 

Present Simple passive  Past Simple passive  

Present Perfect Simple 

Present Perfect Simple passive 

? When do we use the auxiliary verbs do, be, and have? Think of tenses, negatives 
and questions. 

 Writing  

Write some general knowledge questions. Ask the class. 

Practice  

International Maritime Organization 

What do you know about International Maritime Organization? Share the 
information with the students. 

Vocabulary 

Match words in A with their definitions in B.  

A 
B 

1. establishment 
a. a law or rule that controls how sth is done 

2. goal 
b. to contain 

3. improve 
c. to become or to make sth better 

4. include 
d. to stop sth happening or to stop sb doing sth 

5. oversee 
e. to watch sth to make sure that it is done properly 

6. prevent 
f. purpose or aim 

7. regulation 
g. the act of starting sth such as an organization or 
institution 

6

Use the words above to fill in the gaps in the following texts. Please pay your 
attention to the third person singular. 

 

What is the International Maritime Organization (IMO)? 

The IMO is an established United Nations agency that sets standards and adopts 
_____that apply to all vessels that operate internationally. The IMO is based in 
London and _____representatives from 152 major maritime nations including the 
United States. Since its inception in 1948, the IMO’s most important objectives and 
accomplishments have been to _____vessel safety and to _____marine pollution.  

 

What is the history of the IMO? 

Historically, maritime shipping has been recognized as an international business 
governed by international treaties and agreements. By the 1930s, the international 
maritime community had already adopted a number of international agreements on 
marine safety. Many leading maritime nations, however, believed that there was a 
need for a more permanent body to develop and _____implementation of uniform 
rules and regulations governing the shipping industry.  

With these _____in mind, a conference held by the United Nations in 1948 adopted 
a convention calling for _____of the first ever international body devoted 
exclusively to maritime matters — the International Maritime Organization (IMO). 
Since its inception, the IMO’s most important objectives have been safety and the 
prevention of marine pollution.  

 

 Reading and Speaking 
 

Pre-reading task 

Read a text about the main conventions – SOLAS 74 and MARPOL 73/78.  

Discuss the following questions. 

? 
Why are they considered to be the main maritime conventions? 

Why is it important for you to know SOLAS 74 and MARPOL 73/78? 

 
What do you know about these conventions? 

7

Reading  

Work in two groups. 

Group A: Read about SOLAS 74. 

Group B: Read about MARPOL 73/78. 

Read your extract and answer the questions on your Convention. 

Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS 74) 

& Convention for Prevention of Marine Pollution (MARPOL): 

A General View 

The maritime industry’s most important concerns are the safety of personnel and 
prevention of marine pollution for a smooth cargo transportation and marine 
operation at high seas. International Maritime Organisation (IMO) introduced 
SOLAS 74 – Safety of life at sea & MARPOL 73/78 – The International Convention 
for Prevention of Marine Pollution from Ships, for safeguarding human life and 
marine environment from all kinds of pollutions. 

The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS 74) is the 
most important treaty protecting the safety of merchant ships. The first version of 
the treaty was passed in 1914 in response to the sinking of the RMS Titanic with 
the loss of more than 1,500 lives. It prescribed numbers of lifeboats and other 
emergency equipment along with safety procedures, including continuous radio 
watches. 

Newer versions were adopted in 1929, 1948, 1960, and 1974. The 1974 version 
simplified the process for amending the treaty. SOLAS 74 deals with safety 
precautions and safety procedures starting from the construction of ship to real 
emergency situation like ‘Abandon Ship’. The Convention is updated so as to meet 
the safety norms in the modern shipping industry. 

The intention had been to keep the convention up to date by periodic amendments, 
but the procedure of incorporating the amendments proved to be very slow: it 
could take several years for the amendments to be put into action since countries 
had to give notice of acceptance to IMO and there was a minimum threshold of 
countries and tonnage. The latest Convention in 1974 therefore included the "tacit 
acceptance" procedure whereby amendments enter into force by default unless 
nations file objections that meet a certain number or tonnage. 

8

The International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS 74) describes 
the requirements for all merchant ships of any flag state to comply with the 
minimum safety norms laid down in the chapters which are as follows: 

Chapter I. General Provisions: Surveys and certification of all the safety items, 
etc.
Chapter II-1. Construction — Subdivision and Stability, Machinery and 
Electrical Installations: Deals with watertight integrity of the ship, especially for 
passenger vessel.
Chapter II-2. Fire Protection, Fire Detection and Fire Extinction: This chapter 
elaborates the means and measures for fire protection in accommodation, cargo 
spaces and engine room for passenger, cargo and tanker ship.
Chapter III. Life-Saving Appliances and Arrangements: All the life-saving 
appliances and their use in different situations are described.
Chapter IV. Radio Communications: Includes requirements of GMDSS, SART, 
EPIRB, etc. for cargo and passenger vessel.
Chapter V. Safety of Navigation: This chapter deals with all the sea going vessels 
of all sizes, from boats to VLCCs, and includes passage planning, navigation, 
distress signal, etc.
Chapter VI. Carriage of Cargoes: This chapter defines storage and securing of 
different types of cargo and containers, but does not include oil and gas cargo.
Chapter VII. Carriage of Dangerous Goods: Defines International Maritime 
Goods Code for storage and transportation of dangerous goods.
Chapter VIII. Nuclear Ships: The code of safety for nuclear propelled ships. 
Chapter IX. Management for the Safe Operation of Ships: The International 
Safety Management Code for ship owner and operator. 
Chapter X. Safety Measures for High-Speed Craft: Safety code for high speed 
craft explained.
Chapter XI-1-2. Special Measures to Enhance Maritime Safety: Special and 
enhanced survey for safe operation, other operational requirements and ISPS code  
briefed. 
Chapter XII — Additional Safety Measures for Bulk Carriers: safety 
requirement for above 150 meters length bulk carrier.  

The International Convention for Prevention of Marine Pollution (MARPOL 
73/78). One of the earliest indications of marine pollution is a problem requiring 
international control was pollution of the sea by oil. In 1954, the International 
Convention for the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil was adopted.The 
growth in the amount of oil transported by sea and in the size of oil tankers was of 
particular concern and the Torrey Canyon disaster of 1967, in which 120,000 
tonnes of oil was spilled, demonstrated the scale of the problem.  

During the next few years IMO introduced a series of measures designed to 
prevent tanker accidents and to minimize their consequences. It also tackled the 

9

environmental threat caused by routine operations such as the cleaning of oil cargo 
tanks and the disposal of engine room wastes — in tonnage terms a bigger menace 
than accidental pollution.  

The most important of all these measures was the International Convention for the 
Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 
relating thereto (MARPOL 73/78). It covers not only accidental and operational 
oil pollution but also pollution by chemicals, goods in packaged form, sewage, 
garbage and air pollution. MARPOL 73/78 ensures that shipping remains the least 
environmentally damaging modes of transport. It clearly highlights the points to 
ensure that marine environment is preserved by elimination of pollution by all 
harmful substance that can be discharged from ship.  

This marine environmental Convention consists of six implemented annexes for 
controlling and eliminating of marine pollution. 

Annex I: Regulation for Prevention of Pollution by Oil (October 1983).
Annex II: Regulation for Control of Pollution by Noxious Liquid Substance 
in Bulk (April 1987).
Annex III: Regulation for Prevention of Pollution by Harmful Substance 
Carried at Sea in Packaged Form (July 1992).
Annex IV: Regulation for Prevention of Pollution by Sewage from Ships 
(September 2003).
Annex V: Regulation for Prevention of Pollution by Garbage from Ships 
(December 1998).
Annex VI: Regulation for Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships (May 2005). 

Comprehension check 

Answer the questions 

?
1. What is the subject of the Convention? 
2. When was it adopted?  
3. What do you think of the most important events which made people 
ponder over environmental problems? 
4. Which of the following numbers or dates relate to your Convention? What 
do they refer to? 

1954; 1914; 120,000; 1,500; 1967; 1929; 1948; 1960;  1973; 1974; 1978; 6; 12; 
1998; 1983; 2005; 1987; 2003; 1992.  


When you finish, find a partner from another group and go through the 
questions together, comparing information.  

10

U N I T 2  

SHIP CONSTRUCTION: SUBDIVISION AND STABILITY  

Presentation  

Hull and Superstructure 

 Questions and Answers 

Work in pairs. Match a question in A with an answer in B. 

A 
B 

1. What is the hull?  

2. What is it made up of?  

3. What is the hull divided up into 
watertight compartments by?  

4. What are bulkheads?  

5. How do decks divide the hull?  

6. What does the term «‘tween 
decks» mean?  

7. What does the hull contain?  

8. What is the cargo space in dry 
cargo ships divided into? In liquid 
cargo ships?  

9. What are at the fore end and at the 
after end of the hull?  

10. What are they used for?  

11.  What does the space between the 
holds and the bottom of the hull 
contain?  

12.  What is the function of them?  

a. The hull is divided up into a number 
of watertight compartments by decks 
and bulkheads. 

b. Decks divide the hull horizontally. 

c. In dry cargo ships the cargo space is 
divided into holds, in liquid cargo ships 
it is divided into tanks. 

d. The space between the holds and the 
bottom of the hull contains double 
bottom tanks. 

e. It’s a main part of a ship. This is the 
area between the main deck, the sides 
and the bottom. 

f. They are used for fresh water and 
water ballast. 

g. It is made up of frames covered with 
plating. 

h. These are used for ballast water and 
fuel. 

i. The hull contains the engine room, 
cargo space and a number of tanks. 

11