RJOAS, 11(35), November 2014

WATER MANAGEMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Safer Karima, Researcher
University Abou Bakr Belkaid, Tlemcen, Algeria
E-mail: karimila@hotmail.fr, Phone:+213-0697-08-48-51

ABSTRACT
«Of course I wish I was in school. I want to learn, I want to read and write... But how mom need me to fetch water» - Benny Bazan, Bolivia; «...the factories consume a lot of water, while we can hardly find enough basic our needs, not to mention what we need to irrigate crops» - Gopal Jojor, India. Voices are united by the same thing: the denial of access to water. It’s what began the United Nations report of human development for the year 2006. The observed increase of the population and increasing water pressure to use some form of this article despite the enormous availability and large, underground or surface quantities, but the supply and demand equation is no longer as in the past in spite of the new techniques introduced Kthalih seawater. And has worked to highlight the importance of this element as the most important determinants of sustainable development, which aims to rationality and adulthood and dealing with efforts to achieve growth and meet the needs of the population of housing and economic activities and food and education, without prejudice to the negative form of ecological, and sustainable development is the way only to ensure a good quality of life for residents of the present and the future.

KEY WORDS
Water; Arab world; Sustainable development.

      Water represents the essence of the human link in any country, it is a shared resource that serves agriculture, industry and the living and environmental purposes. Where the ancient Egyptians considered the god of the Nile River, as well as for the River Ganges in India. In Islam, there is no excuse to accept the justification for depriving a person from the water. And used the Arabic language Several vocabulary to describe the advantages and water and water used in Christian baptism as many poets and writers sang in different languages and cultures. The water full of spirituality, cultural and symbols, and has said the philosopher Gaston Bashlar. «Freshwater always would survive in the imagination of humans as a favorite water» [1].
      Water plays a big role in the lives of individuals and groups as the first human populations had been held on the banks of the river, but that all great civilizations which in the ancient times the water and the presence of rivers, a major cause of its civilization of Mesopotamia on the banks of the Tigris and Euphrates and the civilization of the Nile Valley on banks of the Nile River.
      Agriculture will have to bear fruit, even for the industry, which can not conduct its affairs, and not for people to enjoy health and good living, and even life itself, and not the natural environment to continue to be able to continue on its characteristic usual since the that the earth was, if not available community resources ample potable water [2].
      The water in the face of an abundant resource and the fact that it grinds and inexhaustible and is distributed unfairly among humans and subject to the vagaries of weather. And added to the geographical impact of the work of human considerations, so that the human being is always trying to control the water in spite of the consequences of spatial and temporal long-term. And unexpected Caused by these actions and warn of water whenever needed become more urgent and which increases the shortfall quantity and quality and poor distribution of excesses such as increased demand and pollution and waste, and monopoly so that we can predict severe water crisis in the coming centuries.
      Water resource is difficult to control it other than soil or other elements of nature means it is not bounded by time and cares for obstacles and political boundaries and ethnic and cultural. The Nile flows through nine countries from Uganda to Alexandria from conflicts arise here and already knew that the great wars and the case of Palestine and Israel. But

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RJOAS, 11(35), November 2014

water may pose a convergence factor as is the case of the Rhine River in Europe or in Asia Mekong [3].
      Vary the distribution of water resources between the country and another, and between the individual and another and climate vary and conditions Alvezao-Geography: While acquires 6 countries to 60% of global water resources enjoyed arid areas and semi-arid areas, where fifth of the world's population, with only 2% of the resources . The consumption of these resources rate ranges from 100 m³ per capita to 100 000 m³ per year.
      Water management in the world. In today's world, and because of the great development which has become the world and entering the water as a human development in various agricultural and industrial fields that the world is seeking to achieve and sustain the conflict over water became a reality with the development of the role of water as one of the strategic importance of international policy issues so considered water and control the sources of the most exciting elements of the conflict in the world, but that many of the researchers called the present century a century of water to the water will play pivotal roles in human life in the future.
      Assume water for all people to participate in the resources and the Earth and Authority. Interest not a matter of «giving» water for all but secure the material and the basic conditions so everyone can get on the water.
      The joint water management can be a force for peace or conflict, but the politics are determined by the path that will be followed by that force.
      And dealing with the national department of water to cause a balance between these competing water users groups. Moreover, the water is also the most basic resources transcended borders. And countries have legislation for transboundary waters may enact an extension bonding Alheirologi across national borders. And the link between water users in different countries through a common system [4].
      Represents the shared water increasingly important part of human geography and political scene, and it was due to the role of international rivers, lakes, groundwater and wetlands in connecting peoples separated by international borders each other repositories.
      There are two challenges Milhan know transboundary water management strategies at the beginning of the twentieth century atheist .eetmthel first to skip the stage of national strategies directed to the interior and unilateral actions to stage joint strategies in order to achieve multilateral cooperation. And perhaps this is what is happening at the present time [5].
      Water in the Arab World. Arab countries generally known and the Middle East in particular, a large water scarcity and lack of resources and vital headwaters due to climate and along the Arabian desert harshness and severity of heat and frequent evaporation and increased Development in: demographic and economic. Water has become a vital substance outweigh the value of the oil in the material because of its importance in life. But those seen on the water in the Arab world they are a very dangerous future because of conflicts that may be caused because 60% of the Arab water resources come from external sources, not to mention their planned Israel from the machinations to ignite a war on water and seek him because of ambitions to control and take over the Arab Water [6].
      Arab average per capita share of fresh water available in a steady decline, which are as follows: year 1950 amounted to a per capita share of fresh water resources, about 4,500 cubic meters per year; year 2000 decreased to about 1,200 cubic meters per year; 2010: increased drop to about 850 cubic meters per year; expectations of per capita share of fresh water resources, for the year 2015/600 cubic meters per year; expectations of per capita share of fresh water resources, for the year 2025/300 cubic meters per year.
      Where the per capita Aluahdd of less than 1,000 cubic meters rate, an indication, that the country is under water poverty line, and less than 500 cubic meters, an indication that the water level of poverty is very severe, inferred from this that the Arab world has already entered within the level of countries severe water poverty [7].
      The arid and semi-arid 85% of the total Middle East and North Africa area. And where about 60% of the population live. Water resources and impose a condition on the harsh economic and social progress for the people of those territories [8].

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