Реновация природных систем и ликвидация объектов прошлого экологического ущерба

Москва
ИНФРА-М
2023

РЕНОВАЦИЯ ПРИРОДНЫХ 
СИСТЕМ И ЛИКВИДАЦИЯ 
ОБЪЕКТОВ ПРОШЛОГО 
ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО УЩЕРБА

Â.Ì. ÏÈÒÓËÜÊÎ
Â.Â. ÊÓËÈÁÀÁÀ

МОНОГРАФИЯ

Питулько В.М.
П35 
 
Реновация природных систем и ликвидация объектов прошлого 
экологического ущерба : монография / В.М. Питулько, В.В. Кули-
баба. — Москва : ИНФРА-М, 2023. — 497 с. — (Научная мысль). — 
DOI 10.12737/monography_592d719605d0e6.49777507.

ISBN 978-5-16-012836-8 (print)
ISBN 978-5-16-105873-2 (online)

Рассмотрена экологическая реабилитация территорий и объектов накопленного 
прошлого экологического ущерба (ПЭУ). Центральные главы монографии 
являются обзором наилучших существующих рекультивационных 
технологий, релевантных для условий РФ и апробированных в Ленинградской 
области.
Критически рассмотрены законодательно-нормативная и институциональная 
база инвентаризации объектов. Основной акцент сделан на задачах 
муниципалитетов. 
Книга предназначена для студентов, преподавателей и специалистов реального 
сектора экономики.

The analysis of ecological rehabilitation of territories and elimination of Brownfield 
Objects (Sites of Environmental Damage) is carry out. The Central chapters of the 
monograph are actually a review of the best available remediation technologies that 
are relevant for the conditions of the Russian Federation by means the Leningrad 
Oblast.
The legal, regulatory and institutional framework inventory of PED are critically 
examined. The main emphasis is done on remediation and abandonment operations 
by forces оf municipalities. 
The book is intended for students, teachers and specialists from the real sector of 
the economy.

УДК 502(075.4)
ББК 20.18

УДК 502(075.4)
ББК 20.18
 
П35

©  Питулько В.М., 
Кулибаба В.В., 2017
ISBN 978-5-16-012836-8 (print)
ISBN 978-5-16-105873-2 (online)

Р е ц е н з е н т ы: 
Владислав Николаевич Мовчан — доктор биологических наук, профес-
сор кафедры геоэкологии и природопользования Института наук о Земле 
Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета;
Мария Анатольевна Пашкевич — доктор технических наук, профессор 
кафедры геоэкологии Национального минерально-сырьевого универси-
тета «Горный», заслуженный деятель науки РФ

Санкт-Петербургский
научно-исследовательский центр экологической безопасности
Российской академии наук

.......................................................................................................8 
..................................................................10 
..............................................................................................................11 
1. – 
..............................................................................................17 
1.1. ...19 
1.1.1. -.................20 
1.1.2. .........................................23 
1.1.3. 
...............................................................................................................25 
1.1.4. .....................................................................27 
1.2. .............................34 
1.2.1. 2004/35/EC ........................35 
1.2.2. ..................41 
1.2.3. -................................46 
1.2.4. 
...............................................52 
1.2.5. 
..................................................................................55 
1.2.6. 
............................................................................................57 
1.3. .......60 
1.3.1. 
, .........................................................................60 
1.3.2. ....................61 
1.3.3. .......................................65 
1.4. ..........................................68 
1.5. 
...........................................................................................................73 
2. 
.................................................................................81 
2.1. .....................82 
2.1.1. .......................................84 
2.1.2. 
(
).....................................................................................88 
2.1.3. «
2014–2025 » .........................................................92 
2.2. ............................................................97 
2.2.1. ..................98 
2.2.2. ....................................102 
2.2.3. ........................................107 
2.2.4. 
....................110 
2.2.5. .......................................................117 

2.3. ................119 
2.3.1. ....................................................120 
2.3.2. ().....122 
2.3.3. , 
..........................................................124 
2.3.4. ........................135 
2.3.5. .....................................................139 
2.4. ..................142 
2.4.1. 
.............................................................................................142 
2.4.2. .............................153 
2.4.3. ..................................155 
2.4.4. 
() ....................157 
2.5. 
......................................160 
2.5.1. ..............................................161 
2.5.2. ........................................................................................165 
2.5.3. «»...............................169 
2.5.4. .....................176 
2.6. ............................................................................181 
3. 
..............................................................................................186 
3.1. ,  
..................................................186 
3.1.1. ..................................186 
3.1.2. ,  ....................................................................189 
3.2. (,  
, )...............195 
3.2.1. ..............................................195 
3.2.2. ...................................................199 
3.2.3. 
............................................................................................201 
3.3. ............................204 
3.4. .....206 
3.4.1. ....................................................................206 
3.4.2. 
................................................................................................................209 
3.4.3. .............214 
3.4.4. (RDF/RPF) ...............................................................................................................216 
3.5. ......................................................................220 
3.6. .................................224 
3.6.1. ........................................................................................224 
3.6.2. .....................226 
3.7. 
-.........................................................................................227 

4. ......................230 
4.1. .................................................................................230 
4.2. 
..............................................................................230 
4.2.1. ..................................................230 
4.2.2. 
-...................................................................................................233
4.3. .......................................................234 
4.3.1. ......................................................234 
4.3.2. ....................239 
4.3.3. ...............243 
4.4. () 
(,  
)................................................................244 
4.4.1. -............................................................................244 
4.4.2. .......................................................247 
4.4.3. ................................................................................251 
4.4.4. ........................................................................253 
4.4.5. ................................257 
4.5. () 
(, 
, )..........261 
4.5.1. ....................................................................263 
4.5.2. ............267 
4.5.3. .............................270 
4.5.4.  
.....................................................................................................275 
4.6. , 
(- ).................................................................................279 
4.6.1. () 
(, 
, )........................................................281 
4.6.2. 
.................................................................................................................283 
4.6.3. ..........................286 
4.7. .......287 
4.7.1. -...................................................................287 
4.7.2. ..........................................................292 
4.7.3. ..........................................................296 
4.7.4. ........................297 
4.8. 
.....................................................................................................298 
4.9. ...........................................300 
4.9.1. 
....................................................................................301 
4.9.2. ..............................302 
4.10. .................................................305 

5. , 
-, 
......................311 
5.1. 
............................................311 
5.1.1. .........................................312 
5.1.2. .....................................................................313 
5.1.3. () , 
.................................................................................................320 
5.2. .....................................................................324 
5.2.1. 
..........................................................................................325 
5.2.2. .........................326 
5.2.3. , 
........................................................................................................................329 
5.3. -, 
.................................................................330 
5.3.1.  
..........................................................................................333 
5.3.2. .....................................................................................................342 
5.4. .........................344 
5.4.1. ..........................................346 
5.4.2. 
......................347 
5.5. ..............................................348 
6. 
.......................................357 
6.1. 
.....................................................................................................................358 
6.1.1. .........................................................................................360 
6.1.2. ...............................................................367 
6.1.3. 
.....................369 
6.2. ......................................................................................370 
6.3. ..........................................385 
6.3.1. .............................386 
6.3.2. ................................................393
6.4. ..............................399 
6.4.1. ................................................................................................399 
6.4.2. ....400 
6.4.3. ....................................................406 
6.4.4. .........................................................414 
6.4.5. .....422 

7. ........425 
7.1. , 
.........................................................................................................426 
7.1.1. 
 ..............................................429 
7.1.2. 
..................433 
7.2. ............................................437 
7.2.1. , 
.................................................................................................441 
7.2.2. ............................................................443 
7.2.3. (,  
, ).........................................................................................448 
7.2.4. ............................................................449 
7.3. ..........................451 
7.3.1. ..............................452 
7.3.2. 
....................................................................................................453 
7.3.3.  -
.........................................................................................................459 
7.4. 
«» ........................................................561 
...........................................................................................................464 
...................................................................469 
: ...........................480 

-
() . -
-
. -
-, -
. -
, -
-. -
, -
-
. 

-

: , , , -
, -
(-
, ). – . 

-

-
, . 

--

. -
-
-
. -
. -
, . -
. -
-, -
, , . 

, , -
/

, -
«», «» 
«». 

: , -

, , , -
, , -
, ; , -
, ; ; ; -
-. 

– – -– – − – – – – – – () – – – -– , , -
2 50 3

(/3) – – (/) – – – – − (/) – – – -– – -– () 
– (-
, ) 
– – – – – – 40 .. -
50 : V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, 
Zn, Mo, Cd, Sn, Hg, Pb, Bi . 

-

. -
. , -
-
10% . 

2000 , , , -
, , , -
, , , -
. , -
-
, – -
, -
. 

-

-
. , . . -
, -
, -
, -
, – -
, ()

1, -

. 

-

. -
-
, -
, 
. , , , . 
                                                

1 () – -

, -
, , 
(), () -
. 

-

, -
. – , -
, . 

-

, . , -
. , 
, , , -
. -
-() 1990--
(«») , , . -
-
. , , , , -
, , -
, . 

, (), 15–20 , -
, -
. 

30 2010 1 54003–

2010 (. ). «-
» 27 2002 . 184-() -
«» 25 -
1994 . 49-. , -
, -
() /-
. 

(, -

/),                                                 

1 -

594-. 

, -
, , -
, , . (-
), -
. 

«-
»: 

•
-
; 

•
--

; 

•
-

; 

•
, -

(, 
, , , -
, ), -
, . 

, -

-
, , , , . 

, , -
, -
, , .  -, , -
, --
-, . 

-

-
, -
. 

, , , -
. 

, -

-, . -, 
-. 

-

--
, -
[53]. -
. 

, -
, , -
. , -
, . -
, -
(«»), -
-
. 

, -
, . , -
, -
. – -
, -
. 

, -

, , -
17-6 2013 . 

. -
50 -
. 

-

, , -
. 

54003–2010 [19] , -
-
(): 

•
, ; 

•
, , -

, , , , -
, -, -
; 

•
, ; 

•
-

; 

•
, , -

; 

•
, (, , , 
); 

•
. 

, , . 

, , − (). 
-2005–2008 . 2.2.4 -
, , , -
, -
. -
, -
, . 
, -
. -
-
. 

, . , -
, -
, -
. 

, -
-
. -